| Since the 21st century,China’s socio-economic development has made world-renowned achievements,but the long-term rough and loose economic development model has intensified the contradiction between socio-economic development and natural ecological environment,and the unreasonable use of territorial space in the process of urbanization and industrialization has led to the emergence of a series of ecological problems such as the destruction of ecosystem structure and the impairment of ecosystem function,which has brought serious hidden dangers to the ecological environment and human production and life.Carrying out research on ecological restoration of territorial space,restoring and enhancing the ecosystem service function of territorial space,and coordinating the relationship between human and nature,development and ecological protection are important elements of the construction of ecological civilization and beautiful China.Taking into account the differences of hydrological topography,the dominance of ecosystem service functions,and the systemic nature of ecological environment problems,the study of ecological restoration zoning in the territorial space and the proposed zoning control measures in the Ganjiang River basin as the study area can provide scientific reference for the territorial space planning,the protection and management of natural resources,and the systematic development of ecological restoration projects in the Ganjiang River basin,and provide theoretical reference for exploring the zoning method of ecological restoration.The research results show that.(1)The dominant ecological function zones in the Ganjiang River basin show certain regularity in spatial distribution with changes in topography and hydrological gradients.The largest area of the dominant ecological function zone is the soil and water conservation function zone,accounting for 41.08% of the total area of the Ganjiang River basin,mainly concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Ganjiang River and the major tributaries.Biodiversity maintenance functional zone,accounting for 25.36% of the total area of the Ganjiang River basin,mainly located in the middle and upper reaches of the major tributaries and the Ganjiang River tailrace area.The functional zone of agricultural product guarantee is slightly lower than the functional zone of biodiversity maintenance,accounting for20.19%,mainly distributed in the basin and plain areas along the left bank of the middle Ganjiang River and the lower Ganjiang River.The area of the water-containing function zone accounts for 11.88%,mainly distributed in the source area of Ganjiang River and its main tributaries.The area of Habitat for Humanity functional zone is relatively small,accounting for 1.49% of the total area of Ganjiang River basin,mainly distributed in the river valley plains along Ganjiang River and its tributaries.(2)There are mainly ecological and environmental problems in the Ganjiang River basin,such as degradation of vegetation,geological and environmental impact of mines,soil pollution of cultivated land,degradation of habitat quality,intensification of heat island effect,and sensitive soil erosion.The areas with serious vegetation degradation are mainly located around the city and along the traffic routes,and are influenced by engineering construction and tourism development.The areas with higher risk of soil contamination of cultivated land are mainly located in the lower reaches of Ganjiang River.Areas where the heat island effect is increasing are mainly located near urban centers and industrial parks.The areas affected by the geological environment of mines are mainly located in the concentrated distribution area of rare earth minerals in the upper Ganjiang River.The areas where habitat quality continues to degrade are mainly around major cities.The areas with greater sensitivity to soil erosion are mainly in the middle and upper reaches of the Ganjiang River where the terrain is undulating,the land use structure is complex or the vegetation cover is poor.(3)Influenced by the law of spatial distribution of hydrological terrain,land use activities led by human factors show spatial variability,and the types of ecological problems and their degrees also show spatial heterogeneity and complexity,which are manifested in the fact that different ecological problems show a certain gradient pattern with the topography of the watershed,and multiple ecological problems may exist in the same area.In the process of territorial space management,it is necessary to combine the leading ecological function types,identify the potential correlations and impacts between different ecological problems in view of the compound nature and complexity of ecological problems,and implement differentiated and systematic ecological restoration control measures. |
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