Spatial And Temporal Evolution Of Water-energy-food-environment System Coupling Coordination In Gansu In The Last Decade And Its Improvement Measures

Water,energy and food are important basis costs for all human production and living.While these resources will generate environmental problems in the process of production,development and utilization,which will affect the process of integrated prevention and control of regional environmental pollution.With the severe global warming,resolving the conflict among resource depletion,environmental degradation and social development has become the core issue of regional environmental governance and sustainable development.Therefore,in this paper,taking Gausu Province as an example,we analyze the water-energy-food-environment system coupling coordination status,the processes are as follow:Firstly,a comprehensive evaluation system of W-E-F-E system was constructed,and the comprehensive evaluation index was used to analyze the comprehensive development status of water,energy,food,environment and W-E-F-E systems at spatial and temporal levels;Secondly,the coupling coordination degree model and the Moran’s Index were applied to analyze the distribution and spatial agglomeration status of W-E-F-E system coupling coordination degree from the temporal and spatial dimensions,respectively;Finally,the multiple linear regression model and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the response of W-E-F-E system coupling coordination to climate and land use changes,respectively.The results are as follows:(1)The comprehensive evaluation index of water,energy,food,environment and W-E-F-E systems in Gansu Province are all lower,in the following order:environment(0.15)>food(0.12)>W-E-F-E(0.11)>energy(0.10)>water(0.09),indicating that the W-E-F-E system development in Gansu Province is mainly determined by water and the energy system.Except for the energy system which declined,the evaluation index of all the systems showed an increasing trend from 2010 to 2019.Spatial differences existed in all system comprehensive evaluation index.For the water system,the highest value was in Longnan,and lowest were in Jiayuguan,Jinchang,Lanzhou,Baiyin and Dingxi;For the energy system,the highest values were in Jiuquan,Wuwei,Pingliang,Tianshui and Longnan,and lowest were in Jiayuguan and Jinchang;For the food system,the highest values were in Jiuquan,Wuwei and Tianshui,and the lowest were in Jiayuguan,Jinchang and Dingxi;For the environment system,the highest value was in Jiuquan,and the lowest were in Jiayuguan,Jinchang,Lanzhou,Baiyin,Dingxi,Tianshui and Longnan;For the W-E-F-E system,the highest was in Jiuquan and lowest in Jiayuguan,Jinchang,Baiyin,Lanzhou and Dingxi.(2)The coupling degree and coupling coordination degree of W-E-F-E in Gansu Province are 0.92 and 0.32,respectively,indicating that the systems inhibit each other and are generally in the dysfunctional recession stage;The W-E-F-E system coupling coordination showed a smooth upward trend in phase,from moderate dissonance recession to near dissonance recession from 2010 to 2019.Spatially,except for Jiayuguan,Jinchang,Lanzhou,Baiyin and Dingxi,which are in the stage of moderate dysfunctional decline,all other cities are in the stage of mild dysfunctional decline;Jiuquan takes the lead in the stage of near dysfunctional decline and has a driving effect on the coupling coordination of W-E-F-E systems in Gansu Province;Jiuquan and Zhangye were high and low clusters and have no spatial diffusion effect on other cities.(3)The annual average temperature and precipitation are the main climatic factors affecting the coupling coordination of W-E-F-E system in Gansu Province(R~2=0.70),both of which can contribute to its rise(P<0.05).Except for the construction land which are not related to the coupling coordination of W-E-F-E system,the increase of area for cultivated land,forest and water land would promote it(P<0.05).Besides,area for grassland is the opposite(P<0.05).Overall,from the internal viewpoint of the system,water and energy systems are the key factors affecting the integrated development and coupling coordination of the W-E-F-E system in Gansu Province;from the external viewpoint of the system,the coupling coordination degree of the W-E-F-E system is more sensitive to changes in the average annual temperature,precipitation and different land use changes.Therefore,strengthening the overall regulation of water,energy systems and promoting the optimization and upgrading of land use and industrial development patterns,would improve the level of environmental engineering governance,then promote environmental protection and ecological restoration in Gansu Province,which will ultimately improve the sustainable development of Gansu Province.This study can provide scientific guidance for the management of various environmental projects in Gansu Province,and provide comprehensive and targeted recommendations for ecological construction and protection in the northwest arid region.This study can provide scientific guidance support for the diversified balance and sustainable development of Gansu Province and the northwest arid region.