Study On The Impact Of Grassland Ecological Subsidy Policy On The Income Of Pastoral Households

Grassland is the largest terrestrial ecosystem in China and it is also an irreplaceable important strategic resource.It can not only provide livestock with edible forage and become an important prerequisite and basis for the development of animal husbandry,but also maintain the social relationship of grassland nomadic peoples and cultivate and continue grassland nomadic culture.However,in recent years,the excessive exploitation and utilization of grassland resources has led to the continuous deterioration of grassland ecological environment,which has affected the ecosystem and the production and life of herdsmen to a certain extent.Therefore,from the perspective of individual and national interests,it is necessary to improve the grassland ecological environment as soon as possible to promote the sustainable development of social economy.Based on this,the State Council began to establish a subsidy and reward mechanism for grassland ecological protection in 2011 to ensure national ecological security and sustainable economic development.In recent years,with the continuous promotion of the grassland ecological compensation policy,various grassland circulation problems have emerged in pastoral areas.On the one hand,if the grassland circulation is not standardized,it will cause greater damage to the ecological environment;On the other hand,the circulation of grassland management rights is conducive to the establishment of a mechanism to protect grassland productivity,thus promoting the income of farmers and herdsmen.Therefore,after the implementation of the grassland ecological compensation policy,whether the grassland circulation is conducive to the improvement of the income of herdsmen and other related issues need to be further studied.In view of this,this study uses the field survey data of 300 herdsmen in Henan Mongolia Autonomous County,Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Qinghai Province.Firstly,descriptive statistical analysis will be conducted on the effective data selected from three aspects: the basic income characteristics of pastoral households and the characteristics of grassland circulation.By querying relevant data,understand the basic overview of the research area and the implementation content and current situation of relevant policies.Secondly,based on the survey data,the impact of grassland ecological compensation policy on livestock income,wage income,property income,operating income and total income of herdsmen is analyzed by using the ordinary least squares method,and the impact of grassland ecological compensation policy on different income levels of herdsmen is analyzed by using the quantile regression method.Thirdly,on the basis of the above empirical results,the paper introduces grassland transfer as an intermediary variable,and tests the intermediary effect of grassland transfer in and out in the relationship between "grassland ecological compensation policy-income of herdsmen" through stepwise regression.Finally,according to the empirical results,the relevant research conclusions are summarized and put forward countermeasures and suggestions for relevant issues.The research shows that:(1)The grassland ecological compensation policy has a significant impact on the income of herdsmen.The grassland ecological compensation policy has a positive and significant impact on the livestock income and property income of herdsmen,and a negative and significant impact on the wage income.For each 1% increase in the compensation income,the livestock income of herdsmen will increase by 0.216%,the wage income will decrease by 0.276%,and the property income will increase by0.222%.(2)The control variable has a significant impact on the income of herdsmen.Sheep units,transfer tents,livestock sheds,etc.have a positive impact on the livestock income of herdsmen;Education level,labor force,main occupation of family members and housing have a significant positive impact on the wage income of herdsmen;The main occupation,housing,loan amount and total grassland area of family members have a positive impact on the property income of herdsmen;The main occupation and consumption assets of family members have a positive and significant impact on family operating income;The main occupations of family members,sheep units and transfer tents have a significant impact on the total income of families.(3)The grassland ecological compensation policy has a significant impact on herdsmen with different income levels.The grassland ecological compensation income and the total grassland area only have a significant negative impact on the income of low-income herdsmen.The education level has a positive and significant impact on the income of herdsmen at the point of 0.75.The sheep unit and the loan amount have a positive and significant impact on the income of herdsmen at the point of 0.5 and above.The consumption assets and grassland degradation have a positive and significant impact on the income of herdsmen at the point of 0.25.(4)Grassland circulation has an intermediary effect in the relationship between the grassland ecological compensation policy and the income of herdsmen.Grassland ecological compensation has a negative impact on livestock income and property income and a positive role in promoting wage income by restraining herdsmen from turning to grassland.Grassland ecological compensation has a positive impact on wage income and property income by promoting herdsmen to move out of the grassland,thus inhibiting the income of animal husbandry.Based on relevant research conclusions,policy recommendations are put forward:(1)Relevant departments should innovate the way of grassland ecological compensation to promote the income increase of herdsmen.Innovate the existing grassland ecological compensation methods,and gradually shift from financial compensation to providing technical skills training for herdsmen.(2)Pastoral households can flexibly adjust the family economic development model to narrow the gap between rich and poor.Improve the efficiency of herdsmen’s breeding to realize the income increase of animal husbandry by creating the mode of house feeding and semi-house feeding;Fully excavate and utilize local regional characteristics to develop new economic formats;Improve the construction of local employment platforms and provide relevant employment information in due time.(3)Encourage herdsmen to carry out grassland circulation and realize large-scale operation.Establish and improve the corresponding management system of grassland circulation;Accelerate grassland circulation and realize large-scale operation;Promote the transformation of animal husbandry to modernization and standardization,and realize the income increase of animal husbandry.