Distribution Of Indoor Pollutants In Small And Medium-sized Hotels And Impact Study

Small and medium-sized hotels due to its large mobility of occupants,strong degree of gathering,occupants are not fixed,so it is more complex than other buildings,pollutant concentration is higher,the environment where the personnel is located is more unhealthy for health,in order to reduce the concentration of pollutants in small and medium-sized hotel rooms and create an excellent artificial environment,to ensure the safety of guests,this paper for the cold area of Tianjin typical small and medium-sized hotels to carry out research,through field research and field testing,found that the current small and medium-sized hotel rooms are extremely polluted.The quality of the guest rooms is poor,so it is urgent to improve the guest room environment.In order to improve the environmental quality of guest rooms,this paper uses three methods of research,actual measurement and simulation to study the changes of pollutant concentration in guest rooms,and puts forward a variety of operation strategies and schemes of fresh air system,so as to find an optimal strategy with higher energy saving,and designs a flow chart for controlling the operation and opening and closing of fresh air system based on PM_2.5,CO₂ and CH₂O concentration changes.Firstly,this paper explores the changes of pollutant concentration in small and medium-sized hotels in cold areas and the subjective evaluation and satisfaction of guests on the guest room environment,and studies are carried out from the following aspects:（1）Through field research,the types of guests,the number of guests,the length of stay,the proportion of hotels of different levels,heating and floor types and other information were collected,and the subjective evaluation and satisfaction of guests with PM_2.5,CO₂ and CH₂O in the guest rooms during the check-in process were collected.（2）Through the experimental data obtained by on-site testing,the changes and differences of PM_2.5,CO₂ and CH₂O in small and medium-sized hotel rooms at different levels were analyzed,and the factors affecting the concentration of PM_2.5,CO₂ and CH₂O and their excess rate were analyzed.The results of the survey and test show that the subjective evaluation and satisfaction of guests with PM_2.5,CO₂ and CH₂O in guest rooms are poor,and the concentrations of PM_2.5,CO₂ and CH₂O in small and medium-sized hotel rooms at different levels exceed the standard to varying degrees,so it is urgent to study the influencing factors of pollutant concentration in guest rooms,it provides theoretical support for the study of indoor pollutant distribution and influence in small and medium-sized hotels.Secondly,this paper uses theoretical analysis and practical test methods to analyze the influencing factors of PM_2.5,CO₂ and CH₂O in small and medium-sized hotel rooms.For the influencing factors,the following aspects were analyzed:（1）The influence of occupancy,personnel type,indoor and outdoor temperature difference,relative humidity,wind speed,wind direction and other factors on the PM_2.5 concentration of guest rooms and its correlation were analyzed.（2）Analyze the influence and correlation of factors such as occupancy,occupancy time,weight,gender,whether windows are opened,temperature and humidity on the CO₂ concentration of guest rooms,and establish a CO₂ theoretical model.（3）The influence and correlation of factors such as air exchange,hotel grade,decoration time,heating and floor type,and ventilation volume on the CH₂O concentration in guest rooms was analyzed.（4）Establish the optimal regression model of PM_2.5,CO₂ and CH₂O through regression analysis or stepwise regression analysis.The results show that the excess of PM_2.5,CO₂ and CH₂O in guest rooms is affected by many factors,and window opening is not the best way to improve the guest room environment,pointing out that it is urgent to study the distribution and influence of indoor pollutants in small and medium-sized hotels.In view of the serious excessive concentration of PM_2.5,CO₂ and CH₂O in the guest rooms of small and medium-sized hotels,the reasonable operation of fresh air system will become an effective means.Therefore,the influence of fresh air on indoor pollutants in small and medium-sized hotels is studied,mainly from the following aspects:（1）test research on the key area 1,analyze the concentration change,excess rate and purification efficiency of area 1 under different working conditions,calculate the heat exchange efficiency and fresh air load of the fresh air system under theworking conditions and analyze and study.（2）Eight operation strategies of fresh air system were proposed,and the changes of PM_2.5,CO₂ and CH₂O concentrations during the operation of each strategy were studied,so as to determine the optimal operation control strategy.The reasonable operation of the fresh air system plays an important role in improving the guest room environment.Finally,all three areas of the guest room were studied and tested,and in order to obtain the distribution and difference of PM_2.5,CO₂ and CH₂O in different areas,the pollutants in the guest room under different working conditions were simulated and studied.Next,nine different schemes were set up by combining three air volumes and three guest room areas,and the concentration changes of PM_2.5,CO₂ and CH₂O under the nine schemes were studied and analyzed,and the optimal and most efficient scheme was obtained.In order to save the input cost and reduce energy consumption of small and medium-sized hotels to the greatest extent,this paper proposes a scheme to jointly control the operation and opening and closing of the fresh air system based on PM_2.5,CO₂ and CH₂O concentration,different areas and different air volumes.