| The ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin are related to the national economic development,which is a major development strategy of the country,and the growth of economic is inseparable from resource-based industries.Resourcebased cities around the Yellow River Basin account for more than 50% of the total number of cities in the basin and about 30% of the resource-based cities in China.Resource-based cities provide a solid guarantee for the rapid development of the Yellow River Basin by virtue of natural mineral resources,but the rough development model has led to the deteriorating environment of the Yellow River Basin and the bottleneck of urban development.To achieve sustainable development,resource-based cities must transform into green development,and the efficiency of green transformation is an important indicator to measure the degree of green development of resource-based cities.In order to improve the efficiency of green transformation of resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin and promote their faster realization of green sustainable development,this paper first analyzes the development status of resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin from four levels: economy,society,environment and resource,and then measures their green transformation efficiency using the super-efficient DEA model,statically compares the transformation levels of different regions and different categories of resource-based cities,decomposes total factor productivity using the Malmquist index model,and dynamically analyzes the time change trend of green transformation efficiency of resource-based cities.To further study the factors influencing the green transformation efficiency of cities,the green transformation efficiency obtained by super-efficient DEA measurement is used as the explanatory variable,and the explanatory variables are selected from six aspects: industrial structure,economic development,external opening,scientific and technological innovation,resource dependence and ecological environment,and a fixed-effects model is used for analysis.The results show that:(1)The development status of resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin is as follows: from the economic point of view,the industrial structure is maladjusted and the level of economic development is not high;From the social level,there is a shortage of colleges and universities,a low level of education,a few first-class hospitals,the medical service system needs to be improved,and the registered unemployment rate has risen.At the environmental level,emissions from three industrial wastes have improved,but stricter standards for pollutant discharge are still needed.In terms of resources,energy consumption per unit of GDP and the proportion of coal consumption are both higher than China’s average level.(2)The overall efficiency of green transformation in resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin has improved.Cities with high transformation efficiency are dispersed,among which Datong,Xinzhou,Sanmenxia,Puyang,Luoyang and other cities have a fast growth rate of transformation efficiency.The green transformation efficiency of cities in the upper reaches of the Yellow River is the highest,while that in the lower reaches is the lowest,and the gap between the green transformation efficiency of the middle reaches and the lower reaches of the Yellow River is getting smaller and smaller.The green transformation efficiency of the growing,mature and regenerative resource-based cities was improved during the study period,while the green transformation efficiency of the declining resource-based cities was not high and showed a downward trend due to excessive dependence on resources.(3)The total factor productivity of resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin fluctuates upward.Total Factor Productivity(TFP)dynamics reflects the green transition efficiency changes.During the study period,the green transformation efficiency of resourcebased cities in the Yellow River Basin increased by about 1% per year on average.The efficiency improvement of technological progress is the main cause of the TFP increase,both from the overall and different perspectives.(4)The efficiency of green transformation in resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin is influenced by multiple factors.According to the analysis of influence mechanism,six factors are selected to significantly affect the efficiency of green transformation,and in order of influence degree from greatest to smallest,they are industrial structure,ecological environment,scientific and technological innovation,economic development,opening to the outside world,and resource dependence.From the direction of influence,the efficiency of green transformation of resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin can be improved by optimizing industrial structure,upgrading economic level,increasing scientific and technological innovation,improving ecological environment and reducing resource dependence.Due to the low environmental threshold for foreign investment in resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin,the expansion of opening to the outside world has hindered their green transformation.Based on the above conclusions,countermeasures are proposed to accelerate the green transformation of resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin.First,build a diversified industrial system to reduce resource dependence and optimize the industrial structure;Second,strengthen environmental governance and ecological protection to ensure the economic development of the Yellow River Basin while paying attention to environmental protection;Third,we should promote opening-up and scientific and technological innovation,and expand the space for development while strengthening our own construction. |
