| With the rapid development of the world economy,the speed of urbanization becomes faster and faster,and a series of environmental pollution problems such as water pollution and air pollution appear accordingly,increasing the demand of countries for environmental protection.Pollutant discharge permit system is the current fixed pollution source management system,but there is a problem which is not widely pushed.In the current emission trading system,there are government,audit institutions,environmental protection agencies,polluters and other entities.It is difficult to cooperate among multiple institutions and departments,and there is a lack of supervision and management mechanism.The traditional paper approval process of applying for emission permit is complicated and inefficient.The secondary market of emission rights trading continues to be depressed,and there are some problems in the trading process,such as distrust,insecurity and difficulty in tracing the source.There is no guarantee that polluters can report the true emission data,and there is no corresponding incentive and punishment mechanism.With the emergence and continuous development of blockchain technology,blockchain itself has the characteristics of decentralization,tamper-proof,traceability and so on,which has become the breakthrough to solve the problem of emission trading.The introduction of blockchain technology and the construction of a set of innovation mechanisms will play an important role in the current emission trading system.At the same time,the use of smart contracts for auxiliary processing,so that the emission trading problem has been a major turning point.The main contents of this paper are as follows:(1)Investigated the policy and present situation of emission rights trading market in our country,combined with the current research dynamic at home and abroad,analyzed at the question and deficiency of emission rights trading market in our country,and proposed introducing blockchain technology to solve problem of emission rights trading.(2)In view of the problems existing in the existing emission right mechanism in terms of structure,technology,ecological governance,information security,data sharing and circulation,analyze from the aspects of business logic security,transaction structure,secondary market trading,incentive and punishment,multi-party cooperative governance,data governance,distributed digital identity certificate,data security sharing,etc.An innovative mechanism for emission trading is proposed.(3)This paper compares several common consensus algorithms in the current blockchain,focuses on analyzing the existing problems and optimization methods in the PBFT consensus algorithm,and proposes a PBFT parameter model suitable for emission trading.(4)In view of the current status of emission trading,intelligent contract technology is introduced,and consensus algorithm and relevant cryptography knowledge are combined to jointly solve the reliability and security issues in emission trading,improve the standardization of emission trading,and make emission trading freely flow in the secondary trading market in the form of digital assets.(5)FISCO BCOS alliance chain was selected as the underlying experimental platform,the network architecture was built,the smart contract satisfying the business logic needs of emission rights trading was designed,and the main functions such as secondary market auction,digital assets of emission rights,authority control,and linking emission data of emission enterprises were realized.Finally,the function and performance tests of the smart contract were carried out.The test results can meet the requirements of actual scenarios.In general,this paper proposes an innovative mechanism for emission trading that combines emission trading supervision,emission trading secondary market,incentive and punishment mechanism,multi-party collaborative governance,data security protection and other aspects.And explore the collaboration and integration of FISCO BCOS based blockchain smart contract,consensus mechanism,data security protection and other technologies in the emission rights trading mechanism. |
