Fabrication And Characterization Of Eco-friendly Fireproof Polyurethane Foam Materials

Polyurethane foam material is widely used in construction,home decoration,transportation and other fields due to its advantages of sound insulation,heat insulation,vibration absorption and good plugging.However,due to the porous structure of polyurethane foam,the contact area between polyurethane foam and air is greatly increased,which leads to the flammability of polyurethane foam.Therefore,the development of flame retardant and even fire resistant polyurethane foam materials is a meaningful and challenging work.Although traditional flame retardants can improve the flame retardant performance of polyurethane foam,many of them are toxic and will pollute the environment,beyond that,they will further release toxic gases during heating or combustion,resulting in environmental and human damage.Therefore,we carry out research on eco-friendly fire-retardant and fireproof materials,aiming at developing new eco-friendly fire-retardant polyurethane foam materials.The main works of this paper are as follows:1.Study on the effect of combustion/flame retardancy of polyurethane foam with quartz powder,which is not a traditional flame retardant.A series of polyurethane foam materials with different contents of quartz powder were synthesized,and their flameretardant and fireproof performance were tested.By taking limiting oxygen index(LOI),thermogravimetric analysis(TG),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),it was found that the addition of quartz powder could significantly improve the flame-retardant and thermal stability of polyurethane foams.It is proved that the addition of quartz powder can increase the flatness of the char layers,reduce the oxidation degree and improve the fireproof performance.2.Study on the effect of low-melting glass powder,starch and expandable graphite composite system of improving the fireproof performance of polyurethane foam.LOI,TG and other tests were carried out on the materials,and SEM,XPS and Raman spectrum tests and compression tests were carried out on the char layers.The results show that the low-melting glass powder can inhibit the thermal decomposition of the material and improve the flatness and compressive strength of the char layer,while the char layer forming property of starch as carbon source can improve the graphitization degree and compressive strength of the char layer.The char layer with high compressive strength and excellent fireproof performance can be formed by the interaction of low-melting glass powder and starch during combustion.The two systems we proposed and studied are eco-friendly fireproof systems,which have excellent fireproof performance.These two kinds of polyurethane foam system can be used in electrical facilities,construction and other fields as fireproof and environmentally friendly plugging filler materials.