| The economic development of Liaoning Province which is an important old industrial base in Northeast China has always been dominated by the secondary industry represented by the manufacturing industry,with a series of problems such as the depletion of natural resources and the massive emission of carbon dioxide.Facing multiple pressures such as the imbalance of supply and demand,the"dual carbon"goal and sustainable development,the contradiction between water and energy constraints and economic development goals has become increasingly prominent,seriously affecting the process of sustainable development.At the same time,water and energy are inseparable,and the two will form a complex indirect relationship along the industrial chain.Fragmented management may reduce the effect of collaborative management.Not only that,there are also"virtual water"and"embodied energy"generated along with the intermediate industry chain.Such intangible resources will be flexibly transferred in the market along with products and services,and their content even far exceeds the direct water-energy consumption,which can not be ignored.In view of this,this paper will establish a"virtual water-embodied energy coupling consumption framework"for the industrial sector in Liaoning Province,and describe the complete water-energy consumption mechanism from the perspective of water-energy coupling,including consumption,utilization efficiency and driving factors,so as to provide theoretical reference for the sustainable development of industrial economic system in Liaoning Province.This paper will be carried out layer by layer,and the specific research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)The consumption of virtual water and embodied energy in various industrial sectors and the transfer between sectors were accounted for by using the Input-output Model,and we calculated the water-energy consumption triggered by final demand to lock key sectors and the interaction between sectors.The results found that the consumption of virtual water and embodied energy showed different changes from 2002 to 2019.The total amount of virtual water decreased by 6.9%,but the total amount of embodied energy increased by 260%,which meant that the current industrial development model was far more reliant on energy than on water in Liaoning Province.The Food and Tobacco Industry and the Petroleum Product Processing Industry were the largest consumption sectors of virtual water(24.4%)and embodied energy(10.3%),respectively.In the virtual water and embodied energy transfer network,the Metal Smelting and Rolling Industry was not only an important producer but also a receiver that cannot be ignored,mainly accepting the supply of resources from the Metal Ore Mining and Dressing Industry,and exporting to different types of manufacturing industries at the same time.On the final demand side,Net Outflow was the most prominent contributor to triggering virtual water and embodied energy consumption.(2)The complete water efficiency,complete energy efficiency and complete water-energy coupling efficiency of the industrial sector in Liaoning Province were measured and analyzed by introducing the data of virtual water and embodied energy consumption which was from sector 1 into the Data Envelope Model and including emission of the carbon dioxide as an undesired output.And combining the Malmquist Index Method,we analyzed the time series changes of the total factor productivity index(TFP)of water-energy coupling efficiency and examined the impact of different factors on productivity.The results showed that the industrial complete energy efficiency was ahead of the complete water efficiency,but the efficiency values of both were not ideal;The overall water-energy coupling efficiency changed in a"V"shape,but the efficiency value did not reach 1.The changes of TFP in different sectors and the factors causing the changes were different,but similarly,the pure technical efficiency index had the most obvious restrictive effect on TFP;The scale efficiency index was relatively stable,especially in the heavy industry;In contrast,the technological progress index was the most important inhibitor,especially in Chemical Manufacturing and the Production and Supply of Water,in which the productivity was severely constrained by the level of technology.(3)We constructed a“water-energy coupling driving factor decomposition framework”from the perspective of water-energy coupling,based on the data of water-energy consumption triggered by the final demand from sector 1.And we used the Structural Decomposition Method to expand the single resource index factor into a bilateral resource index factor,that was,complete water use coefficient=complete energy use coefficient*water-energy connection coefficient,complete energy use coefficient=complete water use coefficient*energy-water connection coefficient,to identify the key drivers of water-energy coupling consumption.The results showed that:from 2002 to 2017,the cumulative increase in water consumption triggered by final demand was 10.0×10~8 m~3,and the contributions of population,final consumption structure,water-energy connection coefficient,complete energy consumption coefficient and per capita consumption were 1.9%,5.9%,-24.6%,-33.4%and 150%,respectively.During2002-2017,the cumulative increase in energy consumption triggered by final demand was35.0×10~6 tce,and the contribution of population,final consumption structure,energy-water connection coefficient,complete water consumption coefficient and per capita consumption were 8.0%,14.4%,3.7%,-500.8%and 574.8%,respectively,which meant natural resources were consumed in large quantities with the increase of consumption level,and the decline of the complete water-energy coefficient greatly inhibited energy-water consumption,there was a highly synergistic principle of water-saving and energy-saving behind this. |
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