Research On Influencing Factors And Countermeasures Of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution

The "2020 China Ecological Environment Status Bulletin" shows that agricultural pollution sources still accounts for half of the total number of environmental pollution sources in China,so the agricultural non-point source pollution situation is severe.Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used excessively and the effective utilization rate is only 40%.The government has issued a series of intensive government regulations and policy measures,but the local practice of pollution control is still lagging behind and the results are not significant.Therefore,it is urgent to propose an effective pollution control mechanism.This research constructs a system of influencing factors based on macro and micro perspectives,and provides policy suggestions for the construction of governance mechanisms.Theoretical analysis starts from the perspective of macro-economy and micro-farmer household behavior.From the macro perspective,an economic effect model is used to separate the effects of pollution into four indicators: economic scale,agricultural structure,technology and governance policies;from the micro perspective,the input behavior of farmers’ production materials that affect the agricultural non-point source pollution degree is selected for analysis.Constructing A behavioral decision-making mechanism that takes maximization of interests as the fundamental goal and is comprehensively affected by internal and external factors.The empirical part also conducts model tests from the perspectives of macroeconomic factors and microscopic farmers’ behavior.Based on the calculation results of the total discharge of agricultural non-point source pollutants by the unit survey method,a general linear regression analysis is carried out on the macroeconomic factors;the microscopic perspective studies the chemical fertilizer application behavior of farmers.Finally,the design ideas and specific countermeasures are put forward.The main conclusions of the research are as follows:(1)In terms of macro-influencing factors:At the current stage of agricultural development,the expansion of agricultural economic scale at this stage of economic development will increase the emission of pollutants;the increase in the proportion of planting and the increase in the proportion of cash crops will both increase the emissions;the implementation of pollution control policies is effective for pollution control.(2)In terms of the behavior of farmers: farmers with higher knowledge and skills apply less fertilizer,because the more educated the farmer,the more aware of the external environment and policy,so as to rationally adjust their fertilization behavior;when the scale of agricultural production increase,the amount of fertilizer applied per unit area of farmers will increase;the more stable the agricultural operation,the less the amount of chemical fertilizer applied by farmers.On the one hand,the clearer and more stable the property rights of the land is,which can effectively avoid the short-sightedness of farmers’ business behavior,and help farmers to carry out comprehensive and long-term production planning.On the other hand,the operation instability caused by the side-job behavior of farmers often leads to extensive management;when farmers have the awareness of environmental protection,the amount of chemical fertilizer application will be reduced;when substitutes can effectively replace chemical fertilizers in terms of effect and cost,farmers will reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers applied.(3)Suggestions: Give full play to the regulatory role and incentive effect of the government,the active participation of farmers,the resource and technological advantages of enterprises,and the communication and supervision role of social institutions;promote the transformation of the agricultural industry and build a dynamic mechanism for the sharing of green industry benefits;implement strict law enforcement and supervision constraints mechanism;Finally,provide agricultural insurance and infrastructure security.The possible innovations are:(1)Theoretical framework: Based on the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis and the farmers’ behavior theory,this research constructs an analysis system.(2)Selection of indicators: In the analysis of the influencing factors of farmers’ behavior,this research incorporates factors such as the stability of farmland property rights and land circulation into the theoretical analysis and empirical test.(3)In terms of countermeasures: This research puts forward the overall design ideas for the construction of pollution control mechanism from four aspects: operation mechanism,dynamic mechanism,restraint mechanism and safeguard measures.