| Since the reform and opening up,the Chinese government has given priority to economic development.In the process of rapid economic development,a series of environmental problems have emerged.With the Chinese government realizing the importance of environmental protection and the strengthening of people’s awareness of environmental protection,in order to achieve sustainable economic development.In 2011,the General Office of the National Development and Reform Commission issued the Notice on the Pilot Work of Carbon Emissions Trading.In 2012,the National Development and Reform Commission officially approved the pilot work of carbon trading in 26 cities including Beijing,Shanghai,Shijiazhuang,Qinhuangdao and Jincheng.As of 2022,the carbon trading pilot city policy has been implemented for ten years,which makes people wonder whether the carbon trading pilot city policy has a positive impact on environmental protection.In China,local governments mainly control industrial development by controlling land supply,while energy-intensive industries are the main source of pollution.The state has issued a series of land supply policies to control energy-intensive enterprises,aiming at reducing carbon emissions of energy-intensive enterprises through macro-control.Therefore,this paper mainly studies whether the implementation of environmental regulation policy has an impact on the land area of energy-intensive enterprises,so as to evaluate the implementation effect of environmental regulation policy.Further research has been made on the factors that affect the land use area of energy-intensive enterprises by environmental regulation.This paper notes that officials also have an important influence on the implementation of environmental regulation policies.In China,the effect of policy implementation largely depends on officials’ will to implement policies,which is related to officials’ characteristics.Therefore,this paper also introduces variables such as officials’ age,educational background,native place and resume to evaluate officials’ influence on the implementation of environmental regulation policies.This paper also uses the basic principles of Marxist theory to analyze the research.The economic basis of Marx’s eco-economic thought shows that capitalism and private ownership are the main causes of environmental pollution.From Marx’s theory of human existence,the relationship between man and nature is analyzed.The demand of human existence and enjoyment leads people to rely on nature,which also destroys nature.From Marx’s theory of harmonious unity between man and nature,a solution to environmental pollution is found.In order to realize communism and develop productive forces,harmonious coexistence between man and nature has become an inevitable choice for mankind.This paper also has prominent theoretical and practical significance.In terms of theoretical significance,it enriches the research contents and fields of Marxist economics and environmental economics in China.Explore the development of Marxist theory in the new era.In terms of practical significance,improving the practical needs of people’s living environment and realizing sustainable development;Implementing industrial upgrading has increased the competitiveness of energy-intensive industries;Optimizing the formulation of environmental regulation policies can also be used for reference to the official promotion system.This paper uses DID to make an empirical study on the evaluation of the implementation effect of environmental regulation policy.This paper selects 26 carbon trading pilot cities as the experimental group,and 26 non-carbon trading pilot cities as the control group.The sample time is from 2002 to 2020,to investigate the impact of the implementation of environmental policy on the land area of high-energy-consuming industries,and to find out whether the official characteristics have a significant impact on the implementation of environmental regulation policy,as well as the influence degree of different official characteristics on the land area of energy-intensive enterprises.In addition to benchmark regression,the mechanism analysis is also made.In China,a large part of carbon emissions come from energy-intensive enterprises with high energy consumption and emissions.Local governments with an urgent need to reduce carbon emissions have begun to restrict the development of energy-intensive enterprises.In the process of development and expansion of energy-intensive enterprises,land is one of the most basic factors in the production of energy-intensive enterprises,and land supply plays an important role in macro-control.Limiting the land supply of energy-intensive industries is one of the main methods of environmental control.Therefore,the local government began to control the land supply of energy-intensive enterprises,restricting the development of energy-intensive enterprises by restricting the land supply,and finally achieving the purpose of reducing carbon dioxide emissions.The whole process of environmental regulation policy affecting the land use area of energy-intensive enterprises is the transmission path,which is the research mechanism of this paper.In addition,this paper also makes heterogeneity analysis and robustness test in the empirical part,and verifies the effect of policy implementation on environmental protection from different angles.The heterogeneity analysis of this paper verifies the results of the first step by distinguishing the first and second tier cities,cities in the eastern,central and western regions,resource-based cities and non-resource-based cities.Then,the robustness test is carried out by adjusting the sample period three times,respectively,to 2003-2019,2004-2018 and 2005-2017,which further verifies whether the environmental regulation policy is effective or not,and also makes the research results more reliable and convincing.Finally,the robustness test is carried out by adjusting the sample range,so that the obtained arguments can further support the research conclusion.The empirical results show that the environmental regulation policy can significantly slow down the land area growth of energy-intensive enterprises and promote environmental protection.The characteristics of officials(age,educational background,native place and resume)also significantly affect the expansion of land use area of energy-intensive enterprises.Specifically,young officials are better at implementing environmental regulation policies than older officials,and highly educated officials are better at implementing environmental regulation policies.Officials can implement local environmental protection systems more thoroughly in the same place of administration and birthplace,and officials with central government experience and learning experience will have better environmental awareness.In addition,through heterogeneity test,this paper also found that the implementation effect of environmental regulation policy in first-tier cities is not as good as that in second-and third-tier cities,and the implementation effect in eastern cities is not as good as that in central and western cities,but the implementation effect of environmental regulation policy in resource-based cities is better than that in non-resource-based cities.The robustness test of this paper is consistent with the benchmark regression results.First,after adjusting three sample time intervals,the policy coefficients obtained in three different sample intervals are all negative,and they are significant in 5% and 10% confidence intervals respectively,which is consistent with the benchmark regression results.Secondly,the counterfactual test is carried out by adjusting the sample number.After excluding Beijing,Shanghai,Chongqing and Tianjin,the policy coefficient is still negative,which is significant in the 1% confidence interval and consistent with the benchmark regression results.Through the robustness test,it is further proved that the implementation of environmental regulation policy can slow down the expansion of land use area of energy-intensive enterprises.Finally,this paper puts forward some suggestions from the policy level and the enterprise level.First,local governments should fully consider the heterogeneity of regions and enterprises,adapt to local conditions,put forward targeted regulatory policies according to different characteristics,and implement the precise positioning of regulatory policies.Second,local governments should promote market-oriented environmental supervision,supplemented by voluntary environmental supervision,promote coordination and cooperation among environmental supervision tools,and give full play to the role of different environmental supervision tools in promoting industrial transformation and upgrading.Third,the central government can consider increasing the assessment ratio of R&D and environmental protection financial input to promote industrial transformation and upgrading to the environmental performance assessment of local officials,so as to encourage local governments to actively implement environmental supervision policies.Deepen the reform of environmental protection target responsibility system and strengthen the market orientation of green technology innovation.Fourth,the central government should improve environmental protection laws and regulations,speed up the formulation of laws and regulations in the blank areas of environmental protection,and provide good legislative conditions for administrative law enforcement.Fifth,local governments should strengthen the coordination and cooperation between environmental supervision policies and fiscal,taxation,financial and innovation policies.And establish and improve the environmental regulation policy system.For enterprises,the first is to strengthen the awareness of environmental protection and establish the concept of sustainable development.Awareness of environmental protection is the premise of doing a good job in environmental protection.Second,increase R&D investment and technological innovation,and transform to clean and low carbon.Technological transformation and innovation are the most effective activities to promote the sustainable development of enterprises. |
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