| With the increasing number of high-density crowd activities in public places and the frequent occurrence of unconventional emergencies,there is a greater risk potential in public places,especially in crowded places,so it is crucial to carry out crowd routine and emergency evacuation studies.Studying crowd evacuation is an effective way to mitigate the loss of life and property to society and individuals caused by emergencies.In the process of emergency evacuation of groups,accident information is one of the external objective factors that must be considered in the study.Accident information has a certain influence on the psychology of personnel,and due to the variability of internal information such as physiology and psychology of personnel,individuals will show different movement characteristics and behavioral preferences,resulting in heterogeneous structural characteristics of evacuated groups.The research objectives of this study are to gain an in-depth understanding of the intrinsic correlation between accident information,personnel psychology and evacuation efficiency during evacuation,to reveal the microscopic mechanisms and evolutionary characteristics of different groups’ psychology and behavior,and to provide a decision basis for assessing emergency evacuation capacity,formulating emergency management plans,and improving emergency decisionmaking in crowd safety management.The main research work and innovation points are as follows.A research paradigm for crowd evacuation problems is proposed from three aspects: model building,simulation scenarios and research problems.The advantages and disadvantages of each model are discussed in terms of implementation,performance,scalability,accuracy and applicability of the three classical evacuation models to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of a suitable evacuation model.The quantitative studies related to the psychology and behavior of evacuees in the past ten years are investigated,counted,summarized and analyzed,and possible future research directions are proposed.Based on the prospect theory,the perception and decision-making process of information during the escape of personnel in evacuation scenarios is restored from the sensory system,and a research method considering the diffusion of accident information and emotional interaction is proposed to provide theoretical support for the establishment of the model.Based on the cellular automata model,combined with the accident information diffusion field,the psychological and behavioral descriptions of evacuees are quantified,and the simulation results show that:(1)the changes of each metric parameter are more stable when the representative individual keeps the shortest path parameter 6)≥ 6,the individual is far from the hazard source parameter 6)≥11,the conservative individual detour willingness parameter < 20,and the radical individual detour willingness parameter < 12;(2)The effect of accident information on the psychological influence of conservative pedestrians gradually diminished with the increase of the proportion of radical individuals,and the evacuation efficiency achieved the minimum value in the interval of the proportion of radical individuals[10,50];(3)In the low-density crowd,the evacuation efficiency of the radical group and the overall group is best when the degree of psychological stress is lower than 1.5,and the evacuation efficiency of the conservative group is highest in the higher-density crowd when the degree of psychological stress is 2;(4)The larger the diffusion range of the hazard source,the longer the evacuation time required by the crowd,and the blockage time in the crowd increases significantly when the diffusion range(9 ≥ 10.On the basis of the original,the emotional interaction between individuals is introduced,and the simulation results show that the evacuation efficiency can be maximized when the proportion of radical individuals is 40 %. |
