Cellular Automata Model For Evacuation Based On Dynamics Analysis And It’s Applied Research

With the development of the economy and society, the frequency and scale of holding major sports and related activities are constantly increasing, and more and more large-scale crowds appear in travelling and tripping. Evacuating crowds is one the most effective ways of reducing casualties when fire hazards,explosions, and terrorist attacks happen. In addition, statistic data about crowd trampling accidents in recent years show that crowd trampling in evacuation process poses great risks which can not be ignored. Crowd is a complex multi-body system, and compared with traditional management methods, microscopic modeling can deal with its dynamics and optimization problems. Therefore, firstly an improved cellular automata model based on forces for evacuation was proposed, and then it was applied to study crowds evacuation. Main researches and results are as follows:Complete analysis of current cellular automata models which involve crowd forces was carried out, and then an improved cellular automata model adopting both overlappable multi-grid cell and modified floor field was proposed. Comparative study of crowd dynamics with various exit width and crowd density simulated by the improved model and the traditional one was carried out. The results reveal that it is of necessity and rationality to involve crowding forces into the cellular automaton model for evacuation simulations.The influence of exit thickness on evacuation efficiency was explored by the improved automata model, and the results reveal that exit thickness can prolong evacuation times to some extent, especially when the exit is narrow, the effect is more notable. When exit is relative large, evacuation time increases almost linearly with exit thickness.