Study On The Influence Of Group Panic Psychology On The Unsafe Evacuation Behavior Of Subway Passengers

As a representative of the new rail transit,subway has the characteristics of fast,efficient and environmentally friendly.As of January 2019,37 cities in China had opened subways.The continuous growth of subway passenger traffic requires it to guard its security line in the course of operation.According to the statistics,it is found that the subway fire causes the most serious consequences and the most frequent occurrence in subway accidents.Once the subway fire occurs,it is easy to cause psychological panic of passengers,resulting in unsafe evacuation behavior,forming secondary injuries.There is little r-esearch on the psychology of group panic and the unsafe evacuation behavior of subway passengers.So that the influence of group panic on unsafe evacuation behavior is studied in this paper.Based on the literature review and field interviews at home and abroad,in this study,the method of questionnaire survey and structural equation model is used to study how group panic affects unsafe evacuation behavior of subway passengers.The main research contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows:First,based on literature review,five dimensions of group panic were identified:individual traits,risk information,reference groups,stress environment and objective characteristic,s of subway fires,and the measurement of group panic was compiled.Questionnaire was issued at Xi'an subway station.SPSS 21.0 was used to test the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.The overall reliability and validity of the questionnaire was applicable to data research work.Secondly,the theoretical model of the relationship between group panic and unsafe evacuation behavior of subway passengers was constructed,and the panic emotion was determined as the intermediary variable between group panic and unsafe evacuation behavior,and the hypothesis was put forward.The measurement of panic emotion and unsafe evacuation behavior was compiled and tested by reliability and validity.Thirdly,AMOS 7.0 was used to verify the theoretical model of the relationship between mass panic and unsafe evacuation behavior of subway passengers.By using the structural equation modeling method,parameter estimation,path analysis,fitting test were carried out.Then the final model of the relationship between group panic and unsafe evacuation behavior of subway passengers was obtained by modifying the model gradually many times and the model results were explained.Finally,the gender difference of the model was analyzed and the effect of gender was verified.Research shows that the panic emotion has indirect effect between group panic and unsafe evacuation of passengers,and the various dimensions of group panic can increase the probability of unsafe evacuation behavior.There are two aspects to the influence of individual traits and group factors on unsafe evacuation behavior.On the one hand,it affects unsafe evacuation behavior through panic emotion,on the other hand,it directly affects unsafe evacuation behavior.Stress environment has a direct impact on unsafe evacuation behavior.The objective character of the subway fire affects unsafe evacuation behavior through panic emotion.Group panic of male passengers is mainly influenced by group behavior,while group panic of female passengers is mainly influenced by risk information and stress environment.Based on the conclusion,the control of the group panic and the unsafe evacuation behavior of the passengers in the subway fire is put forward by the individual and the government,in order to reduce the group panic during subway fire and prevent unsafe evacuation behavior.