Research On Dynamic Decision-making Of Low-carbon Supply Chain Under Different Subsidy Strategies

In recent years,with the frequent occurrence of environmental deterioration,resource shortage,secondary disasters and other problems,how to achieve a balance between the economy and the environment has become the focus of global attention.With the continuous surging of the low-carbon wave,many countries have begun to embark on a low-carbon development path.On the one hand,the government,as a macro-controller,formulates long-term low-carbon goals,and introduces corresponding subsidy policies to guide and encourage enterprises to practice low-carbon behavior;On the one hand,with the gradual awakening of consumers’ low-carbon awareness,more and more enterprises are jointly exploring scientific methods to reduce carbon emissions by strengthening cooperation.However,at present,my country’s low-carbon development is still in the exploratory stage.The investment cost of enterprises in the transformation of low-carbon industries is relatively large,and some manufacturing enterprises lack emission reduction technologies.It is even more difficult for them to bring low-carbon products to the market.Satisfying consumers’ low-carbon preferences,and handling the conflict between emission reduction,publicity costs and profits,has become an urgent problem to be solved.Therefore,with the help of differential game theory,this paper builds a dynamic framework to study the long-term cooperation,emission reduction and publicity of low-carbon supply chains under different government subsidy strategies.Considering the government’s adoption of one-way and two-way subsidy models,explore the optimal decision-making of upstream and downstream enterprises in the low-carbon supply chain under different subsidy mechanisms,introduce a sharing contract based on promotional costs to study its coordination role in the low-carbon supply chain,and analyze different government subsidies.The impact of low carbon consumption rate and consumers’ low carbon awareness on the dynamic decision-making of low-carbon supply chain and compare the optimal decision-making under different subsidy mechanisms and different environments and explore the government’s optimal low-carbon subsidy policy and the optimal strategy of low-carbon supply chain.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Under the four environments,product emission reductions,goodwill,market demand,supply chain profits and social welfare will gradually increase over time and eventually stabilize.Market demand,supply chain profits and social welfare will be directly affected by product emission reductions and goodwill,but the speed of improvement varies in different environments.Compared with one-way subsidies,the government’s two-way subsidies can speed up the low-carbon development of enterprises and bring good environmental benefits and economic benefits.(2)Two-way government subsidies are more effective than one-way subsidies to encourage retailers to carry out promotions,improve product goodwill,stimulate market demand,increase the benefits of upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain,and improve social welfare.However,changes in the form of subsidies will reduce manufacturers.Emission effort levels,retail prices,and product emissions reductions have no effect.For the manufacturer’s own emission reduction input cost,the change of the government subsidy mechanism has no obvious effect on its improvement,and under certain circumstances may even lead to a decline in the manufacturer’s overall profit.(3)Both the form of government subsidies and the contract coordination mechanism can effectively promote the upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain to practice low-carbon development,cooperate to reduce emissions,stimulate consumption,and thus increase low-carbon economic benefits.For retailers’ publicity efforts,market demand,corporate benefits,brand goodwill and social welfare,the two-way government subsidy mechanism has a greater incentive effect than internal contract coordination in the supply chain.For manufacturers’ emission reduction efforts and retail prices,the change in the form of government subsidies is consistent with the improvement brought about by the coordination of manufacturers’ internal contracts,so the emission reductions of products are maintained at the same level before and after.Market demand will also be affected by consumers’ low carbon awareness and government subsidy coefficient,both of which can effectively stimulate the market and bring about strong consumer demand.