The Evaluation Of Ecosystem Services And Its Trade-Offs And Synergies In Chagan Lake Nature Reserve Based On InVEST Model

In recent years,with the advancement of industrialization and rapid economic development,human intervention in the structure and function of ecosystems has continued to increase,which has caused some ecosystem services to decline.Resource shortages,regional ecological degradation and other ecological and environmental problems have become increasingly prominent.Chagan Lake Nature Reserve contains abundant biological resources,water resources and tourism resources,but it still faces the problems of water shortage,gradual shrinkage and degradation of Chagan Lake wetlands,and degradation of ecosystem services,which not only threatens the virtuous cycle of ecosystem of the protected area,but also affects the sustainable development of the local economy and society.Nowadays,while recognizing the importance of ecosystem services,how to coordinate economic development and ecosystem services to improve the overall benefits of ecosystem services and achieve sustainable development of ecosystems has attracted widespread attention at home and abroad,and has become an urgent global problem.According to the characteristics of Chagan Lake Nature Reserve,based on InVEST model,this paper comprehensively utilizes Landsat satellite remote sensing data,elevation data,meteorological data,soil data and other multi-source data to quantitatively simulate ecosystem services in Chagan Lake Nature Reserve i.e.water supply,soil conservation and carbon storage.This paper also analyzes various types of ecosystem services from the aspects of spatial distribution,changes in overall characteristics and service capabilities of different ecological landscape ecosystems.On this basis,the calculation and analysis of the trade-offs and synergies between the three ecosystem services in the study area from 1985 to 2018 are further explored,and the ecosystem service structure of each ecological landscape is further explored,and the multiple ecosystem service hot spots in the study area are studied,recognized and graded.The main conclusions of this paper include:(1)In terms of the characteristics of ecosystem service changes,the total water supply is between 0.55–3.01 million m~3,the highest total water supply is in 1985.The total soil retention is between 1.58×10~6 and 1.30×10~7t,The total amount of carbon storage in soil in 2005 is the highest;the total amount of carbon storage is between 5.55×10~6-9.94×10~6Mg.The total amount of carbon storage is the highest in 2015,and the overall carbon storage service in the study area shows an increasing trend year by year.(2)In terms of the spatial distribution of ecosystem services,the high-value areas of water supply services are mainly distributed in the west of the study area,and the high-value areas of carbon storage services are mainly distributed in the middle of the study area.During the study period,the high-value areas of water supply and carbon storage services are gradually concentrated in the core area.The high-value areas of soil conservation services and the high-value areas of water supply services are basically consistent,and the overall trend is decreasing from southwest to northeast.(3)In terms of the differences in ecosystem services of different types of land,the service capacity of water sources in different regions does not differ much,the ability of water supply in saline-alkali land is the strongest,and the largest contribution rate to the total water supply in the study area is the lake;Wetlands have the strongest soil retention service capacity and the largest total contribution rate.And the total contribution of wetlands and grasslands to the total soil retention is more than40%;the strongest carbon storage service capacity is also wetlands,and the largest contribution rate to the total carbon storage service is lake,and the total contribution rate of wetlands and lakes accounts for more than 95%.Among them,the wetland ecosystem service structure is a"soil conservation-carbon storage"composite ecosystem service structure,and other ecological landscapes are a single ecosystem service structure,and the cultivated land gradually changes from"soil conservation"structure to"water supply-soil conservation".(4)In terms of trade-offs and synergy between ecosystem services,there is a synergy between water supply and soil conservation services,and the synergy relationship is strong;water supply and carbon storage services,soil conservation and carbon storage services all show a trade-off relationship and correlation moderately weak.(5)In terms of regarding the identification and classification of multiple ecosystem service hotspot areas,the multi-ecosystem services of protected areas is mainly class 1,followed by class 2 service areas,distributed in the northwest of the protection area and around Chagan Lake and Xinmiaopao.The class 3 of service areas with the strongest service capabilities are scattered in areas outside Chagan Lake,and the proportion of the class 0 service areas is the smallest.