| Under the promotion of industrial and scientific technology development,the human relationship regional system has undergone a huge change.The natural resource is the foundation of human society.As the economic increasing fast in China,the natural environment had faced the severe challenge.Since the 1960s,environmental issues such as global climate change caused by economic development had gradually prominent,human activities’effect on ecological environment have gradually emerged.The environmental problems brought by the high-speed economic development are essentially the deterioration of human-environment relationship and the deficiency cognition on the concept of human-environment relationship.Therefore,the evolution of human-environment relationship has great significance on regulating regional economy and environmental quality.In recent years,due to the population surgery and rapid industrialization,the environmental constraints facing China’s economic development is also growing.The Yellow River Delta is one of the four major Delta in my country,which is also an important oil energy base in China.It is located at the entrance of the Yellow River into the sea,which is strongly influenced by Land-ocean interactions.The study area has rich of cherish resources such as newborn wetland,which ecological environment is fragile.Since the 1960s,the Yellow River Delta has influentially impact by human activities.Under the requirements of the high-quality development and ecological repair of the Yellow River Basin,the coordination of human and environment has become the big theme of the future development of the Yellow River Delta.Based on the ideology of human-environment coordination,investigating the spatiotemporal evolution of human-environment coordination and analyzing its driving mechanisms has theoretical and practical significance on coordinating the relationship between human and environment,maintaining regional ecological environmental health,promoting regional ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Delta.Therefore,this study based on the coupling coordination model,using human activity intensity and ecological carrying capacity quantitatively analyzing spatiotemporal evolution of human-environment coordination of the Yellow River Delta from 1990 to 2018.At the same time,combined with the Geo-detector model assessed the driving effect of natural,social and economic indicators on human-environment coordination.The main results were that:(1)Human activity intensity refers to the degree of impact of regional activities in the region,which is quantified by human activity on natural environment.This study selects the equivalent of construction land method,combined with the remote sensing image data from 1990 to 2018 to calculate the human activity intensity spatiotemporal evolution characteristics,with the Arc GIS platform,human activity intensity had divided into5 intensity belts,low intensity(0%-10%),lower intensity(10%-20%),medium intensity(20%-40%),high intensity(40%-60%),higher strength(60%-100%).The results show that:human activity intensity in the Yellow River Delta is 35.24%in 2018.During the study time,human activity intensity was showed the increasing trend,the changed rate taken 2004-2011 as a boundary,that decreasing first then increasing.The spatial distribution pattern of Human activity intensity was showed the character,high in southwest and low in east north from 1990 to 2018.As time changes,higher intensity belt was gradually moving to the coastal zone in northeast,lower-level intensity belt was decreased from the coastal,which finally stabilize in two partitions of the natural reserve in the study area.During 1990 to2004,the dominant types of human activity intensity in the study area were low-intensity,Medium-intensity and high-intensity,which switch to high-intensity and higher-intensity.To 2018,the area of high-intensity and higher-intensity were 2474.20 km~2和2147.11 km~2,respectively.(2)Ecological carrying capacity refers to the reflection of the external disturbance limits of the regional natural environment,which is quantified to the tolerance ability of the natural environment to the human activities.This study using yield and balanced factor method to measure the ecological carrying capacity of the Yellow River Delta in 1990 to 2018.Through artificial classification method to divide the ecological carrying capacity of the Yellow River Delta in five level in the Yellow River Delta that,Low-capacity,Lower-capacity,Medium-capacity,Higher-capacity and High-capacity and analyzed its spatiotemporal evolution characteristics.The results showed that:from 1990 to 2018,ecological carrying capacity was showed increasing trend in the Yellow River Delta.During the study time,the main type of ecological carrying capacity in the Yellow River Delta is Low-level and High-level.Among them,the area of High-level showed increased and Low-level showed decreased and the variation is 628.06 km~2 and 799.32 km~2.For the spatial distribution,the ecological carrying capacity in the Yellow River Delta showed high in southwest and low in northeast area in the coastal.As time changes,high-level area was gradually move to the coastal and low-level area was decreased from inland to the coastal.(3)The assessment of the human-environment coordination of the Yellow River Delta is based on the ecological carrying capacity and regional human activity intensity.The calculation results which were calculated by coupling and coordination model were showed:human-environment coordination was gradually increased from the coastal to the inland in the Yellow River Delta from 1990 to 2018.The area of low,good and high-quality coordination types is gradually rising,incoordination area was gradually decreased,the contract between human and environment was eased.The differences of coordination in different towns were obviously.The gap of coordination level between towns is continuously reduced.The coordination index was increased,which showed high in south and low in north.The main index types are 0.4-0.6 and 0.6-0.8.Among all types,only the area of 0-0.2 decreased for 3 458.29 km~2.For increased area,the area of 0.6-0.8 level was increasing significantly,which increased to 1427.29 km~2.The level of human-environment coordination was decreasing from the Yellow River Basin to the north and south of the study area.The number of High-coordinated towns is 18.In recent 30 years,the amounts of coordinated towns were decreased,the number of uncoordinated towns was stable for2 and disordered towns rising to 8.(4)There is a significantly positive correlation effect in the aggregation index of the human-environment coordination in 1990,1997,2004,2011 and 2018.The Z value is higher than 90 and P value is zero,all of which are past significance test.The Moran index of human-environment coordination was gradually decreased,from 0.71 in 1990 to 0.63 in 2018,which mean the spatial dependency was weakened.During the study time,the cold hotspot pattern of the Yellow River Delta became a concentrated and showed cold in edge,no significant in middle area and hot in west area.Specially in 2004,the spatial distribution pattern of the hot cold spot was showed the characters,cold in north area,hot in middle area and no significant in south area.This result showed the spatial aggregation effect of western part is rising and decreased in north and east part.(5)According to the calculation of Geo-Detector,in 1990 human-environment coordination spatial differentiation driving factors were per capita water resources,per capita water resources,per capita construction land area,vegetation coverage and per capita arable land area;In 1997 the indicator factors were per capita water resources,vegetation coverage,per capita average land area and average annual precipitation;In 2004 the indicator factors were average annual precipitation,vegetation coverage,population and total investment in fixed investment;In 2011 the indicator factors were per capita water resources,average annual precipitation,per capita arable land area and population;In 2018 the indicator factors were per capita water resources,vegetation coverage,average annual precipitation and per capita construction land area.;With the change of time,the combination of the main indicator factors is different,from the initial location and natural environment factor to the location and socio-economic factor,and finally to the comprehensive effect of local factors,natural environment and socio-economic factor.Currently,human activities were mainly distributed in the eastern and northern coastal areas in the Yellow River Delta.But regional ecological carrying capacity was in low level.So the uncoordinated relationship between human-environment mainly distributed here.As human’s cognitive of environment has continuously improved,regional human activity intensity has been controlled and human-environment relationship has significantly increased.At that time,human-environment coordination level was low in the study area and its evolution were mainly affected by natural factors.According to the results of driving force,it can improve the amount of water resources,vegetation coverage rate,control the population and balanced industrial structure to enhance the level of human-environment coordination.At the same time,the influence of human activities had risen in the evolution of human-environment coordination,hidden with the trend of gradually occupying the main status.According to the related theories,the human-environment relationship of the study area is in the transition of first stage to the second phase. |
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