Study On Land Use Management Of Traditional Use Area Of Qomolangma National Nature Reserve Under Development Objectives Of National Park

The establishment of a national park system is an important part of the current ecological civilization construction in China.At present,China is speeding up the construction of a natural protection area system with national parks as the main body.The traditional use area is one of the main functional areas of the national park with the strongest human influence.The residents in the area are highly dependent on natural resources,which will cause changes in the stability and vulnerability of the ecosystem.And ecological vulnerability can characterize the degree of human land use,so improving land use management based on ecological vulnerability will be more targeted.The traditional use area plays an important role in Qomolangma National Nature Reserve.With the increase of human activity intensity in Qomolangma National Nature Reserve,unreasonable land use such as overgrazing and over reclamation in the traditional use area will affect the vulnerability of the regional ecosystem environment.If it is not managed,it will cause more serious ecological deterioration and intensify the contradiction between protection and development.The increasingly mature concept of national park management pursues the coordination of ecological protection and utilization,which is the opportunity to solve the land use conflict in the traditional utilization area of Qomolangma National Nature Reserve.Therefore,taking the management objectives of national parks as the guidance to explore the land use management direction of the traditional use area of Qomolangma National Nature Reserve meets the needs of ecological civilization construction in China at present,and can provide reference for promoting the balance between land use and ecological protection and comprehensively improving the ecological environment of the study area.This study focuses on the logical framework of "management objectives-current situation-problems-management strategies",under the objective requirements of national park construction and management,Combined with the characteristics of ecological vulnerability to reveal the existing problems and causes of land use in traditional use areas,and proposes land use management strategies in traditional use areas of Qomolangma National Nature Reserve.The main conclusions include:(1)Under the construction goals of the national park,identifying the seven aspects of land use management goals of the traditional use area of Qomolangma National Nature Reserve according to the actual situation,and corresponding land use index sets are constructed to realize the detailed management of traditional use area.(2)From the perspective of ecological vulnerability distribution,the overall vulnerability level of traditional utilization areas is mainly mild and moderate,and the distribution characteristics of different vulnerability levels in traditional utilization areas are obvious.The mildly vulnerable area is dominated by grassland distribution,with high altitude and low slope,and there are large-scale grazing activities;The proportion of cultivated land and unused land in the moderately vulnerable areas is increased,the altitude and slope are relatively gentle,the community distribution is concentrated,the population density is relatively high,and the agricultural and animal husbandry activities are frequent;The highly vulnerable areas have a high proportion of water bodies,woodlands and construction land,low altitudes,humid climates,rich resources,and large human disturbances,but with high slopes and large terrain fluctuations.(3)Based on the gap analysis of the target value,it is found that different vulnerability levels in the traditional use area reflect different land use problems.The mildly vulnerable areas have problems such as small farmland scale,low livestock capacity,and insufficient fertilizer application;moderately vulnerable areas have per capita construction land.Exceeding the standard,obvious grassland degradation and desertification,and insufficient mechanical input;in highly vulnerable areas,there are problems such as high amount of chemical fertilizer per unit of arable land,per capita construction land exceeding the standard,and frequent understory collection activities.The reason is that the legal system is not perfect,the policy mechanism is not perfect,and the capacity building of the management organization is insufficient.(4)Aiming at the problems and reasons of land use management,this paper puts forward the strategies of land use management in traditional use area of Qomolangma National Nature Reserve,including zoning strategies and guarantee system.The management strategies for different vulnerable areas are mainly put forward.In mildly vulnerable areas,cultivated land resources should be moderately reclaimed to tap the potential of cultivated land;the amount of livestock feeding should be adjusted appropriately to promote the delineation of pasture ownership;In moderately vulnerable areas,the management of degraded grasslands should be strengthened to improve the ecological quality of grasslands;the scale of construction land should be strictly limited,and the level of economical and intensive use should be improved;In highly vulnerable areas,the input of agricultural resources should be controlled to promote green and efficient production of cultivated land;the management of construction projects should be standardized to prevent the disorderly expansion of construction land;forest land resources should be strictly protected,and the management of under-forest resources should be strengthened.At the same time,in order to comprehensively guarantee the implementation of the traditional use area management countermeasures,the paper puts forward three aspects of the construction of the traditional use area land use management guarantee system,including:improving the legal and regulatory system and increasing the intensity of land management;improving the policy guarantee mechanism to ensure the efficient use of land;strengthening the capacity of management institutions and improving the efficiency of land management.