| Angiospermae,also known as flowering plants,are the most advanced,perfect,adaptable,and late plants in the plant kingdom.Native angiosperms are angiosperms that have not been transplanted by human factors and originally grew naturally in this area.This kind of plant is the most representative of the nature and characteristics of the local angiosperm flora.The diversity of its plant phenotypes is closely related to the local geographical environment.Among them,the sex system is an important factor affecting the succession and establishment of a regional community.Fujian is located in a typical subtropical region.It has been 27 years since the publication of the Flora of Fujian(1995–2022),during which nearly 500 new species of new distribution have been discovered.What are the changes in the floristic nature of the primary angiosperms in Fujian? What are the characteristics of gender diversity? What are the quantitative characteristics of each phenotype of its native angiosperms?This paper takes the native angiosperms of Fujian Province as the research object and analyzes the plant diversity,floristic nature and characteristics,sex system,and some phenotypic data with a view to providing basic theoretical data for the mechanism research of the native angiosperms in the aspects of systematic evolution,sexual expression,and environment.The main results are as follows:1.Fujian is rich in native angiosperms species.The native angiosperms in Fujian,including 3818 species belonging to 1240 genera and 191 families,are the main component of vascular plants in Fujian,accounting for 68.17% of vascular plants in Fujian.This is closely related to the geographical location of Fujian and many types of microclimate.At the level of family and genus,monoecious families,oligoecious families,and small families are the main families;In the dominant group and the representative group,the representative group is the dominant group,with23 families and 36 genera;At the species level,the dominant species are closely related to the main vegetation community types in Fujian,mainly including some constructive species;Among the endemic groups,there are no families and genera endemic to Fujian at the level of families and genera,but there are 29 genera endemic to Chinese angiosperms in the region,1368 species endemic to Chinese angiosperms in Fujian,accounting for 35.83%of the native angiosperms in Fujian,and 146 species endemic to Fujian,accounting for 10.67% of the endemic species of Chinese angiosperms.2.Fujian native angiosperms have obvious tropical properties.It is greatly affected by tropical elements,and the flora is also affected by temperate elements.At the family level,there are 104 families(R value)in the whole tropical zone and 43 families(T value)in the temperate zone,with an R/T ratio of 2.42;at the genus level,the R/T value is 1.44,which is relatively small compared with the family R/T value.At the same time,the relevant flora of the region is closely related to the world distribution and the temperate distribution,and the three penetrate each other,showing a typical subtropical flora.Moreover,due to the changes in the ancient climate and environment,the plants in Fujian Province show certain antiquity and complexity.Based on the analysis of the family,genus,and flora of the native angiosperms in Fujian on the time scale,it is found that,compared with the statistical data in 2000,the tropical nature of the angiosperms is more obvious,the proportion of the temperate nature has changed slightly,the quantity of the corresponding distribution area types at the generic level has changed greatly,the number of genera with tropical and temperate natures has increased,while the temperate nature has increased at the generic level;however,its overall floristic nature is still tropical.3.The sex system types of native angiosperms in Fujian are rich and diverse.Among the native angiosperms in Fujian,there are 8 kinds of unisexual systems and 5 kinds of polysexual systems.The correlation analysis of the sex system with distribution type,life type,flower,and fruit phenotypes is as follows:(1)Bisexual flowers are the main components of the widespread type(75.25%),tropical type(68.33%),and temperate type(76.15%);In the temperate type,the proportion of monoecious plants(10.20%)is higher than that of dioecious plants(6.44%),and in the tropical type,the proportion of dioecious plants(16.02%)is higher than that of monoecious plants(7.77%).(2)The bisexual flowers are dominated by herbs(78.75%),monoecious plants are dominated by trees(19.03%),and dioecious plants are dominated by vines and trees(25.73% and 23.21%,respectively);(3)The double perianth flower is the main type of hermaphroditic flower(71.05%)and dioecious flower(53.16%),while the undifferentiated perianth type(38.24%)and undifferentiated perianth type(33.8%)are the main types of monoecious flower;(4)Both catkin and cryptocephalon are distributed in monoecious and dioecious plants;(5)The white line with bisexual flowers is dominant(36.0%),and the green line in monoecious and dioecious plants is dominant(42.89% and 52.41%,respectively;(6)In the monoecious system,the androgynous type,and the polygynous system with an androgynous type,the loss of perianth is the main type(31.58% and 92.31%);(7)The terminal type of inflorescence in bisexual flowers is the most(47.58%),and the axillary type in monoecious and dioecious plants is the most(52.97% and 84.81%),and the proportion of axillary type in dioecious plants is higher;(8)The flowering peak of bisexual flowers is in June,and that of monoecious and dioecious plants is in May.The flowering time of monoecious plants is the longest(3.6months),followed by bisexual flowers(3.4 months),and the duration of dioecious plants is the shortest(2.7 months);(9)In hermaphroditic flowers and monoecious plants,the fruit is mainly brown(23.61% and 27.98%),and dioecious plants are mainly red(30.38%);(10)In monoecious plants,nuts are the main fruit type(45.74%),and berries are the main fruit type(37.47%)in dioecious plants.In addition,dry fruits account for the highest proportion(84.24%)in monoecious plants,and fleshy fruits are mainly concentrated in dioecious plants(68.86%);(11)The peak fruit diameter of bisexual flowers and monoecious plants appeared between 0.1 and 0.5 cm,and that of dioecious plants was between 0.5 and 1 cm;(12)The average duration of the fruit stage in the monosexual system is mainly concentrated in 3–4 months,and the average duration of the fruit stage in the multisexual system is mainly 4–5 months.4.Clarify the phenotypic diversity of native angiosperms in Fujian.In the phenotypic analysis,the more primary and primitive characteristics are mainly concentrated on the leaves,while the secondary and evolutionary phenotypic characteristics are mainly concentrated on the flowers,fruits,and other parts.First of all,the phenotypes related to leaf position are:(1)In leaf type,single leaf is the main type(89.59%);The single leaf order is the main leaf order type(80.90%),among which the alternate group is the main group in the single leaf order(68.00%);the main phyllotaxis type is the alternate/cluster type(77.99%);(2)The species without stipules accounted for the majority(70.36%);(3)On the leaf margin,the proportion of toothless and dentate types was similar(47.62%and 46.91%);(4)The reticular vein type was dominant(80.22%),and there were more dicotyledonous plants of this type;(5)The peak range of mean leaf length is 7–8 cm and then gradually decreases on both sides.The peak range of mean leaf width is 1.5–2 cm;the main distribution range of leaf area size is 0–5 cm2,and the other ranges decrease to the right;(6)The leafless type is the main type(42.18%),followed by the hairy type(12.07%),and the other intermediate type(i.e.,the leafless or hairy type).Secondly,in the main phenotypes of flowers,the types of flowers,such as perianth flowers(92.19%),inflorescence(81.51%),monochromatic flowers(64.41%),terminal and axillary flowers(43.53% and 36.80%),central and lateral placentations(31.85% and 29.18%),stamen number(77.24%),anther split(86.75%),anther 2-compartment(86.93%),singlecompartment ovary(51.31%),flowering season and summer,occupy the main position in the number of related phenotypes;In fruit,the main types of related phenotypes are ellipsoid(47.03%),monochromatic fruit(76.87%)(mainly brown,yellow and red),single fruit(94.16%)(including capsule accounting for 31.13%,which is the main single fruit type),fruit autumn and other types.The analysis and discussion of the floristic characteristics,sex system,and phenotypic diversity of native angiosperms in Fujian,on the one hand,provide important basic data for the later comprehensive studies of biogeography and evolutionary biology,and,on the other hand,provide more evidence and ideas for exploring community succession and multispecies maintenance mechanisms in subtropical vegetation. |
