| Water resources are the source of life,production,and ecological base,but with the social and economic development,the excessive consumption of water resources has led to the contradiction between supply and demand,water environment pollution,low utilization efficiency,and other problems,affecting social progress and people’s quality of life,improving the green efficiency of water resources has become a harmonious development of “economy-society – ecology”.The article is based on the principles of green development,water footprint,and water efficiency.Based on the theories of green development,water footprint,and “water-energy-carbon”,the article takes labor,capital,energy,and water resources as input factors,economic development,social development,and ecological environment as desired output factors,and water pollution and carbon emissions as non-consensual output factors,and constructs a more scientific and comprehensive urban water resources green efficiency evaluation index system.A more scientific and comprehensive urban water resources green efficiency evaluation index system is constructed,and the global super efficiency SBM model is used to measure the green efficiency values of urban water resources for 16 prefecture-level cities in Anhui Province from 2011 to 2021.Based on cluster analysis,Thiel index,Markov chain model,etc.,regional division,regional variability analysis,and long-term transfer trend analysis of urban water resources green efficiency in Anhui Province were conducted.The inefficiency decomposition model,fixed-effects model and quantile regression model were used to investigate the causes of endogenous losses and the effects of exogenous factors on the green efficiency of water resources in Anhui Province from the perspective of "provincial-regional-municipal",and to propose targeted paths and countermeasures to improve the green efficiency of water resources.Main findings:(1)The water footprint of Anhui Province is mainly composed of agricultural water footprint,followed by industrial water footprint.The agricultural gray water footprint is the main source of the gray water footprint in Anhui Province,followed by the domestic gray water footprint.More than 90% of carbon dioxide emissions in Anhui Province come from electrical energy consumption,followed by direct energy consumption,and less carbon dioxide is generated from thermal energy consumption.(2)The ineffective state of green water efficiency of urban water resources in Anhui Province accounted for 72.73% during the study years,with an overall steady increase,but a bottleneck in efficiency improvement since 2019.There is a catch-up effect in the green efficiency of water resources in Fuyang,Liuan,and Anqing,and four cities,Hefei,Wuhu,Bengbu,and Maanshan,have a certain rate of improvement while maintaining a highefficiency level.The green efficiency of water resources in Anhui Province is staggered among high-efficiency,medium-efficiency,and low-efficiency zones,and the difference in efficiency among cities in the low-efficiency zone is the largest,followed by the medium-efficiency zone and the smallest in the high-efficiency zone.The green efficiency of water resources in Anhui Province has an inertial development trend in the short term,with a more obvious Matthew effect and four convergence clubs,but the convergence phenomenon weakens as the period increases.There is the spatial spillover of water resources green efficiency,and there are heterogeneous characteristics of spillover effects in different neighborhood contexts.(3)The loss of overall water resources green efficiency in Anhui Province mainly comes from social development,water pollution and labor problems.Economic development,industrial structure and water conservation awareness always positively drive water resources green efficiency,and market opening,water use structure,environmental regulation and technological innovation have heterogeneous impacts on water resources green efficiency in different regions and levels.Figure [30] Table [21] Reference [119]... |
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