Severe convective thunderstorm cloud which is one of the major small-scale disastrous weather processes in China,often accompanied by lightning,hail,local rainstorm and strong wind.Research on how to accurately locate thunderstorm clouds has important theoretical significance and application value for social development and industrial safety production.This paper studies the correlation between the change of surface dielectric constant and thunderstorm cloud location,proposes a thunderstorm cloud location method based on the correction of surface dielectric constant,designs a surface dielectric constant measurement sensor based on the capacitance of the same surface plate,builds a thunderstorm cloud location system based on the correction of surface dielectric constant,and carries out a thunderstorm cloud location verification experiment,which verifies the scientific and effectiveness of the system.The main research contents are as follows:1.According to the principles of air charge electric field distribution and thunderstorm cloud charge structure,using the mirror image method to derive the formulas of atmospheric electric field intensity and thunderstorm cloud height angle.Establishing the thunderstorm cloud location model based on three-dimensional atmospheric electric field component.Analyzing the correlation between the surface dielectric constant and the atmospheric electric field component.Proposing a thunderstorm cloud location method based on surface dielectric constant correction.2.Based on conformal transformation and field strength formula of long straight wire,the signal measurement intensity model and electric field distribution model of the coplanar plate capacitance sensor are established by using the element integration method.Combined with practical application scenarios,the surface dielectric constant measurement sensor based on the coplanar plate capacitance is designed.3.According to the characteristics of the surface medium,analyzing and calculating the optimal driving frequency of the surface dielectric constant measurement sensor.Designing the driving circuit and capacitance measurement circuit of the surface dielectric constant measurement sensor.Using the least square method to fit the dielectric constant inversion model and completing the construction of the surface dielectric constant measurement system.4.The thunderstorm cloud location system based on the surface dielectric constant correction is designed by combining the three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument,the surface dielectric constant measurement sensor and the thunderstorm cloud location method,and the experimental design is carried out.The calibration and test experiments of the surface dielectric constant measurement system and the verification experiments of the thunderstorm cloud location system are carried out respectively.The experimental results show that the surface permittivity measurement system designed in this paper can achieve a relative error of less than 5% within the measurement range of 60 mm from the sensor.Compared with the thunderstorm cloud location results before and after the introduction of the surface dielectric constant,the thunderstorm cloud location system based on the surface dielectric constant correction can well achieve the measurement and correction of the thunderstorm cloud height angle,effectively improving the thunderstorm cloud location accuracy. |