Functional Evolution Of The Lipid Metabolism Network In Drosophila Melanogaster And Drosophila Pseudoobscura

Drosophila is widely used in genetic studies because of its small size and clear genetic background,and its metabolic pathway and signal transduction pathway are also highly conserved.Drosophila is one of the high-quality models for studying many human diseases.Lipid metabolism is an important and complex biochemical reaction in the body,which plays an extremely important role in maintaining normal living activities in the process of adapting to the changes in the surrounding environment.Excessive accumulation of fat will lead to a series of diseases related to fat metabolism,such as type ii diabetes and fatty liver.The whole genome sequences of 12 drosophila species were used to investigate the effects of protein function and metabolic network structure on enzyme evolution rate.Through calculation and analysis,it was found that most genes encoding enzymes were greatly constrained by environment,but genes related to lipid metabolism pathway were less constrained by evolution,that is,they evolved quickly.However,the molecular mechanisms involved in the complex regulation of lipid metabolism,reproduction and longevity are not fully understood.Previous studies of lipid metabolism have been either at the single-gene level or focused on a specific biological pathway.In the post-genomic era,the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technology and multi-omics research makes it possible to explore the network differences of gene expression at a systematic level.Therefore,this paper intends to use transcriptome sequencing and lipidomics methods,combined with related phenotypic experiments,to further study the relationship between lipid metabolism,reproduction and longevity,which can provide new ideas for the study of human diseases related to lipid metabolism.In this study,two geographically distant and representative drosophila species,Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila pseudoobscura,high-fat medium was used as a stimulant to explore the effects of fat metabolism network on phenotypes such as reproduction and longevity.First of all,we respectively in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila pseudoobscura,build up a lard and coconut oil in the dark fruit flies in two different model on high-fat diets,found coconut oil for two kinds of drosophila in the process of growth and development of a greater impact,and three instars of lipid droplets chemical staining results showed that a high-fat diet after processing of lipid droplets significantly larger and its count significantly reduced.We further explored the effects of high fat diet of coconut oil on the phenotype and gene expression of drosophila longevity,reproductive capacity and so on.The following conclusions were drawn: high-fat diet significantly shortened the lifespan of drosophila;By counting the number of eggs,pupae and adults produced by a single female drosophila within ten days,all three were significantly reduced.Therefore,it was concluded that high-fat diet significantly reduced the reproductive capacity of female drosophila and had no significant effect on the sex of the offspring.Negative geotaxis showed that a high-fat diet significantly reduced the exercise capacity of male drosophila.Anatomical flies three instars respectively after fat body apart for the transcriptome sequencing and lipidomics test,GO through the differentially expressed genes and KEGG function enrichment,that Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila pseudoobscura mutual enrichment to access,mainly related to necessary metabolic pathways of the organisms alive,such as: oxygen acid metabolism,fatty acid metabolism,and so on.In the analysis of lipidomics results,we found that the subgroups containing more lipid compounds in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila pseudoobscura mainly included triglyceride,phosphatidylethanolamine,phosphatidylcholine and neuroamide,among which the change of triglyceride-based esters was one of the most significant changes after high-fat diet.In conclusion,this study explores systematically the influence of fat metabolism network on phenotypic from individuals and cells to molecular level,laying a necessary foundation for further research on the functional evolution of lipid metabolism and its molecular regulatory mechanism related to reproduction and longevity.,but also could help us study those human diseases associated with lipid metabolism to provide new ideas.