Toxicological Effects And Influence Of Three Common Environmental Pollutants On Drosophila Melanogaster

At present,the environmental pollution situation has becoming more and more serious.Among them,the potential risks and long-term hazards of the three types of environmental pollutants such as plasticizers,drugs and personal care products(PPCPs)and pesticides to the ecological environment are not clear and urgently need to be studied.As an important model organism,Drosophila melanogaster has been beginning to study the toxicology of environmental pollutants in recent years,which is beneficial to comprehensively solve the toxic effects from multiple levels.In this study,diisononyl phthalate(DINP),triclosan and tebuconazole in the above three categories were selected to evaluate their effects on the development,reproduction,longevity and behavior of Drosophila.The physiological and biochemical changes after exposure to pollutants were analyzed and the differences in the effects of the three pollutants werecompared to explore the toxicity mechanism.All three environmental pollutants impaired the metamorphosis and development of larvae.0.5%DINP,800 mg/L triclosan and 100 mg/L tebuconazole all resulted in a decrease in hatching rate and a longer development time.Among them,DINP and tebuconazole also induced the weight loss of newly emerged flies,some of fly wings shrank,and the body was difficult to develop into flies.The larval trypan blue experiment found that 0.2% DINP,10 mg/L triclosan and 250 mg/L tebuconazole caused damage to the larval intestine.After exposure to DINP and tebuconazole for different times,the larval gut cells showed time-and dose-dependent damage.The damage of intestinal cells intensified with the increase of concentration within 12 h after exposure to triclosan,and the damage was reduced when the culture time was extended to 30 h.Tebuconazole has a significant effect on the growth and development of larvae in three pollutants.All three environmental pollutants impaired the fertility of Drosophila.0.2% DINP,100 mg/L triclosan and 100 mg/L tebuconazole all inhibited the development of gonads in female flies.After exposure,the ovarian volume of each group was significantly reduced,mature oocytes were reduced,and the number of pupae and adult flies of the new generation was significantly reduced.Lifespan experiments found that DINP,triclosan,and tebuconazole all have a significant effect on the longevity of female and male flies.The mortality rate at high concentration was significantly higher than that of the control group,while the death rate at medium concentration was reduced,showing a non-monotonic effect.Triclosan has a significant effect on the reproduction and longevity of adult flies among the three pollutants.The effect on the behavior of larvae and adult flies was further studied.It was found that DINP,triclosan and tebuconazole severely damaged the crawling ability of larvae.The movement time and movement distance of larvae at high concentrations of DINP and tebuconazole were significantly reduced.In addition,the climbing ability of male and female adults in high concentration groups were significantly reduced,while adult flies were stimulated to climb in low concentration groups.At 500mg/L high concentration triclosan conditions,the frequency of movements increased,and the movement distance decreased.In addition,triclosan stimulated adult fly climbing in the early stage of culture,and the climbing ability of each treatment group was significantly reduced with culture time prolonging.The anti-starvation ability gradually decreased with the increase of pollutant concentration,and a nonmonotonic effect appeared after short-term cultivation,and the anti-starvation ability increased in medium concentration groups.It can be concluded from the comparison that triclosan has a significant effect on the behavior of larvae and adult flies and stress resistance among the three pollutants.Three pollutants could induced the disorder of the oxidative system.The CAT and SOD activities of larvae and adult flies increased overall after exposure to DINP in different methods,and the antioxidant capacity was enhanced,while ROS levels showed a non-monotonic effect.After exposure to tebuconazole,the CAT activity of the adult flies increased overall,and ROS levels decreased.After exposure to tebuconazole,the CAT activity of the adult flies increased overall,and the ROS level increased after 3 days of culture,while the ROS level increased and SOD activity decreased after 5 days.Disorders of the oxidative system could affect the physiological functions of Drosophila development,lifespan,behavior,and anti-starvation ability.