| Huangguoshu Scenic Area was designated as a World Heritage(WH)Nomination Site due to its unique natural and cultural attributes,which are typical,representative,and of significant scientific research and protection value in the plateau-canyon geomorphic structure.It meets the fifth standard(v),seventh standard(vii),and eighth standard(viii)of WH Declaration as a whole.The research on the evolution of karst geomorphology is the basis for the excavation of the value of world heritage geomorphology.It is of great significance to clarify the neotectonics response to the geomorphic evolution of the Huangguoshu scenic spot series of world heritage nominations for its declaration as a WH.According to the discipline methods of geography,physical geography,tectonics,Karst science and other disciplines,in combination with the theory of value mining and protection of WH geomorphology,and in view of the scientific problems and technical needs such as the lack of quantitative research on karst evolution and the insufficient demonstration of the value mining of Huangguoshu karst landform WH,Huangguoshu Scenic Spot WH Nomination Area was selected as the research area,and digital elevation model(DEM).Based on the data and research methods of geological survey and comparative analysis,from the perspective of the sensitive response of river evolution to tectonic activity,the basin of the three regions included in the nomination site is selected as the research scale.First,the index of relative tectonic activity of the theree basins are constructed to analyze the controlling factors of regional geomorphic evolution.Second,the evolution characteristics of various cone karst forms are analyzed to clarify their relationship with the neotectonics,To clarify the response mechanism of the evolution of the unique geomorphic structure of the study area to the neotectonics,and scientifically demonstrate its WH geomorphological value.Provide technological support for Huangguoshu Scenic Area to apply for WH.Draw the following conclusion:(1)Quantifying the overall tectonic activity intensity of the study area,it is concluded that the main controlling factors affecting the geomorphic evolution of the nominated area are tectonics and differential tectonic uplift.Based on DEM data,the Arc GIS is used to extract geomorphic parameters and construct a relative active tectonic index(IAT).The results show that the geomorphic parameters such as HI,AF,BS,SL,VF,and IAT in the watershed of the three areas show overall high-low-high parameter level values in the Huangguoshu,Tunpu,and Getuhe areas,respectively.This indicates that the Huangguoshu and Getuhe areas have a higher intensity of tectonic activity compared to other parts of their respective watersheds,while the Tunpu area shows low intensity of tectonic activity.Based on the subjective and objective basic geomorphological classification scheme,the basic topography of the watershed is divided,and the geomorphic parameters can effectively indicate the regional geomorphic characteristics,indicating the rationality of using geomorphic parameters to quantify regional geomorphic evolution.Analyzed the impact of bedrock erosion resistance and precipitation on the geomorphic evolution of the study area,and concluded that in the Dabang River and Getu River basins,tectonic is the main controlling factor affecting the regional geomorphic evolution,while the geomorphic evolution of the Maotiao River basin is influenced by tectonic and climate.Research has confirmed that tectonic factors play an important role in the evolution of karst landforms in the nominated area.It reveals the strength of neotectonics in the nominated area under the influence of tectonics.(2)The development and evolution characteristics of cone karst,river longitudinal profile,river valley and karst layered landform(cave,planation surface,river terrace,etc.)in the nominated area reflect the neotectonics well.Combined with the identification of neotectonics features in the field,it is concluded that the neotectonics in Huangguoshu area is characterized by intermittent uplift,Tunpu area is characterized by large scale uplift,and Getu River area is characterized by strong uplift.Huangguoshu area is located in the middle of Dabang River,compared with the upstream and downstream of the basin,it develops younger cone karst landforms such as peak Fengcong-canyons and valleys.The river valley is deep V-shaped and box shaped.The longitudinal profile of the river is ladder shaped and mainly affected by the neotectonics.It is a river reach developed in the headward erosion waterfall cluster,which corresponds to the distribution characteristics and prominent geotectonic features of multi-level river terraces in this section,reflecting the intermittent uplift of neotectonics.Tunpu area is located in the upper part of the upstream of the Maotiao River basin.Compared with the downstream of the basin,it develops the late age Fenglin landform,which corresponds to the development of wide valleys,and the longitudinal profile of the river is concave.The elevation swath profile shows that there is a planation surface distribution in the area.Combining the characteristics of the ancient river sedimentation trace of the rock stratum profile observed in the field and the prominent peak,it can be concluded that the neotectonics has a large range of uplift characteristics.The Getu River area is located in the mid and downstream of the Getu River basin.Compared with the upstream of the basin,there are younger Fengcongcanyons,depressions and other landforms.The river longitudinal profile is steep,and multiple layered cave systems are developed.Obvious neotectonics traces in the field.Deep V-shaped canyons are widely distributed in the region,corresponding to layered caves with large relative elevation differences and multiple levels,indicating the sharp uplift of neotectonics.The combination of stream-power incision model and MATLAB script program is an important means to quantitatively analyze the relationship between karst landform evolution and neotectonics.Combining field work to make the research results more scientific and reasonable.The study confirmed that the geomorphic evolution of Huangguoshu series of WH nomination sites has a sensitive response to neotectonics,which provides strong support for further refining the WH value of their landforms.(3)The nomination sites of Huangguoshu scenic spot series heritage generally meet the eighth standard(viii)of WH declaration in terms of intermittent layered landform,deep underground river canyons and large cave hall,inheritance plateau surface landform and Fenglin-dissolution plain karst evolution.Huangguoshu area is subject to the intermittent movement of neotectonics,and the erosion basement changes dramatically.The vertical and horizontal development of landform frequently transform into each other,forming a wonderful phenomenon of multi-level cascade waterfalls within the range of 500 m vertical elevation difference.Its response mechanism to the intermittent oscillation movement of neotectonics and the typical multi-stage waterfall group formed by it meet the geomorphic value standard of WH(viii);the neotectonics uplifted in a large scale,resulting in the lagging development of the landform far away from the main drainage basement,forming the Tunpu landscape with inherited landform,which has a unique geomorphic evolution process towards mature Fenglin karst and well preserved plateau surface.Therefore,it meets the WH value of landform(viii)in terms of inheritance plateau landform and Fenglin-dissolution plain karst;the rapid and violent uplift of the neotectonics has led to the rejuvenation of the plateau edge landform,which forms the deep development area of the Getu River area landform.The area has formed landforms mainly composed of plateau canyons and large caves.The hydrodynamic performance is characterized by a pattern of rivers flowing into underground rivers and then evolving towards the surface.The development of its landforms reflects the ongoing geological process of karst cave to canyon evolution,and is a typical model of canyon karst evolution in the world.Therefore,the Getu River landscape meets the value of WH landforms(viii)in terms of the formation of deep underground river canyons and large cave halls.The excavation and extraction of the geomorphic value of the nominated WH site is conducive to its successful application WH and adds another valuable wealth to all humanity.The study confirmed that the nomination site is a prominent example of the response of geomorphic evolution to neotectonics,an important stage of earth evolution since the Cenozoic.Clarified its uniqueness and irreplaceability worldwide,has outstanding universal value(OUV).And providing scientific support for its successful application for WH. |
