Study On The Manifestation Of Neurological Soft Signs In Patients With First-episode And Chronic Schizophrenia And The Effect Of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation On Improving Neurological Soft Signs In Chronic Patient

Neurological soft signs refer to weak neurological abnormalities involving sensory and motor dysfunction.Existing studies have found that neurological soft signs are associated with negative symptoms and cognitive function in schizophrenia,but few researchers have explored the relationship between neurological soft signs and negative symptoms and cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia from different stages of disease.The different manifestations of neurological soft signs at different stages of disease may explain to some extent the pathological evolution of schizophrenia.The existing intervention methods for schizophrenia are mainly divided into drug intervention and non drug intervention.Based on the high heterogeneity of individuals with schizophrenia and the obvious side effects of drug intervention,current research is further exploring non drug intervention.Studies have found that transcranial electrical stimulation may,to a certain extent,achieve the intervention effect of improving clinical performance and cognitive function in patients,but its improvement effect on patients’ neurological soft signs remains to be confirmed by further research.The main content of this study is as follows:In study 1,a preliminary analysis was conducted of the differences in neurological soft signs between patients with first episode and chronic schizophrenia and normal subjects,as well as the correlation between neurological soft signs and clinical symptoms and cognitive function at different stages of schizophrenia.The study subjects were 20 normal subjects,20 patients with first episode schizophrenia,and 19 patients with chronic schizophrenia.All subjects were tested for neuromuscular signs,clinical evaluation,and cognitive function by hospital professionals.The results showed that the total score and various scores of neuromuscular signs in normal subjects were lower than those in patients with first episode and chronic schizophrenia,and there was no significant difference between the two.Neurological soft signs differ from clinical symptoms and related patterns of cognitive function in patients with first episode and chronic schizophrenia.In terms of clinical symptoms,negative symptoms in patients with first-episode schizophrenia were significantly correlated with only sensory integration and left and right spatial orientation,while negative symptoms in patients with chronic schizophrenia were significantly correlated with all neurological soft signs.In terms of cognitive function,there was a significant negative correlation between word learning ability and sensory integration scores in first-episode schizophrenia patients;Visual learning ability was significantly negatively correlated with the total score of neurosoftware signs,while reasoning and problem-solving abilities were only significantly negatively correlated with left and right spatial orientation.The information processing speed of chronic schizophrenia patients was significantly negatively correlated with motor coordination scores.Reasoning and problem-solving abilities were significantly negatively correlated with motor coordination,complex motor tasks,and total scores of neurological soft signs.Neurological soft signs can better reflect the degree of impairment of learning ability in patients with first-episode schizophrenia,as well as the therapeutic effectiveness and social adaptability of patients with chronic schizophrenia.In study 2,we explored the effect of cerebellar prefrontal dual channel transcranial AC stimulation on the improvement of neuromuscular signs in patients with chronic schizophrenia,and explored the relationship between the improvement of neuromuscular signs and the improvement of clinical symptoms and cognitive function in subjects.A total of 18 chronic schizophrenia patients with significant negative symptoms were recruited and randomly divided into double blind groups.The results showed that after receiving intervention,the progress in motor coordination,sensory integration,left and right spatial orientation,hard body signs,and neurological soft signs in the true stimulation group was significantly higher than that in the false stimulation group.Before and after the intervention,the total scores of the negative scale,PANSS,and working memory and cognition in the clinical evaluation of the group with significantly improved neurological soft signs were also significantly improved,and significantly superior to the group without improved neurological soft signs.In summary,transcranial alternating current stimulation of the cerebellum prefrontal lobe can alleviate the neurological soft signs in patients with schizophrenia and help improve their negative symptoms and partial cognitive function.In addition,the results of this study also indicate that the neurological soft sign has certain application value in the clinical evaluation of patients with schizophrenia,which can reflect the changing process of the condition of patients with schizophrenia.