| Yangguanzhai Cemetery is located in Ji hometown,Gaoling District,Xi’an City,Shaanxi Province.It is the first discovered and confirmed adult cemetery of Miaodigou culture in China.Hundreds of tombs have been excavated.Due to the material composition and structural characteristics of human bone,soil rust,cracking,calcification,crisp powder and other diseases will occur in the process of burial and excavation.The disease mechanism is complex,including physical,chemical and biological factors.Biological factors include animals,plants and microorganisms.Because the microorganisms are small and difficult to detect,they may also have an adverse impact on the preservation of human bone.Therefore,this paper uses high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the community structure and diversity of microorganisms in human bone,soil and air environment of Yangguanzhai Cemetery,trying to explore the corrosion effect of microorganisms on human bone in burial process and preservation environment.The results show that:(1)The species identification of microorganisms(including bacteria and fungi)extracted from human bones,soil and air in Yangguanzhai Cemetery was carried out.It was found that the composition of dominant bacteria was the same,which had nothing to do with environmental carriers: there were four dominant bacteria: Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,Actinobacteria and Bacteroidota;There are two dominant fungi,Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.(2)The diversity of microbial groups extracted from human bone in and out of the protective greenhouse was analyzed: the microbial community structure of human bone samples in or out of the same shed was similar;Comparing the human bone samples inside and outside the shed,the microbial community structure was significantly different,and the overall difference of fungi was greater than that of bacteria;At the same time,the diversity and richness of microbial community in the shed were greater than those outside the shed.(3)The diversity of microbial groups extracted from the burial soil inside and outside the protective shed was analyzed: the bacterial community structure of the soil samples inside the shed was similar,the bacterial community structure outside the shed was significantly different,while the fungal community structure inside the shed was significantly different,while the fungal community structure outside the shed was similar;At the same time,the diversity and richness of microbial community in the shed were greater than those outside the shed.(4)The diversity of microbial groups extracted from the air inside and outside the protective greenhouse was analyzed: the microbial community structure of the air samples inside and outside the greenhouse was similar;At the same time,the diversity and richness of microbial community have no obvious law.(5)Microbial corrosion of human bone will produce microbial diseases,which need to be prevented in time.Human bones are extracted in time and stored in warehouses,exhibition halls and other environments to control the temperature and humidity in the environment;If there is a need for restoration and display,the human bone shall be restored and made.In case of mildew and other diseases of human bone,use reagent to remove them,and then spray anti mildew agent directly or wrap them with anti-mildew paper for prevention.In this study,the community structure composition and distribution of microorganisms in the tombs of Yangguanzhai Cemetery were studied,and the microbial corrosion of human bone and the influence of microorganisms in the tombs on human bone were discussed,which provided reference and reference for the prevention and control of microbial diseases of bone cultural relics. |
