The Practical Research Of Induction And Generalization In Senior High School Biology Teaching

Biology teaching advocates cultivating students’ scientific thinking,and “Induction and Generalization” is the most direct way to develop students’ scientific thinking in biology.It requires that on the basis of observing biological facts or phenomena,extracts the key points of each fact,classifies the points,finds the relevant points,discards the irrelevant points,and finally summarizes the biological concepts or laws of biology.Mastering the process of induction and generalization can help students clarify the context of complex and fragmentary knowledge points,form a systematic knowledge system,efficiently master and understand the laws of biology,and improve learning efficiency.Therefore,this research first uses the literature research method to sort out the connotation of Induction and Generalization,the performance levels of induction and generalization in different situations,and the specific implementation steps of Induction and Generalization.On this basis,through the case study method,specific cases in biology teaching are designed to cultivate students’ ability of using Induction and Generalization to obtain biological concepts and apply biological concepts.At the same time,with the help of questionnaire survey method,based on the high school affiliated to Lanzhou University,some of the students as the research objects have made a preliminary understanding of their application status of generalization.This survey result provides a useful reference for the follow-up teaching implementation of middle school biology.The main results of this study are as follows:After combing the literature,the induction and generalization are divided into three levels.Level 1 is when you don’t get the concept,you need to observe and compare biological facts or phenomena,to produce concepts.Level 2 is when you have relevant concepts,you need to combine existing concepts to connect the commonalities between things to form basic conclusions or general laws.Level 3 is when you have reached a preliminary conclusion,you can make further improvements and amendments to concepts or laws in combination with examples,and draw updated conclusions.At the same time,the basic steps of Induction and Generalization mainly include "Observing and refining effective information of biological facts or phenomena,Analyzing and sorting information,Elaborating and summarizing conclusions."According to the teaching practice,combined with the analysis of the literature,the two teaching modes of "Acquiring biological concepts" and "Applied biological concepts" are summarized.On the basis of this model,the specific content in the textbook was selected,and the corresponding teaching case was designed,showed the process of obtaining the two important concepts of "Photosynthesis" and "Genes are usually DNA fragments with genetic effects";analyzed the teaching process of the Induction and Generalization of the relevant typical high-level examination questions,reflected the process of using this method to flexibly apply the biological concepts.According to the summarized three steps of Induction and Generalization,the three dimensions of the questionnaire were determined,and specific questionnaire topics were designed.Through the questionnaire survey method,the current situation of students’ application of Induction and Generalization was understood.The survey results show that in the process of Induction and Generalization biological facts or phenomena to obtain concepts or deriving laws,students’ performance in the step of "Observing and refining effective information for each biological fact or phenomenon" is significantly better than "Analyzing and Sorting out" and "Stating and Summarizing conclusions".This shows that the teaching practice of this research has a certain effect on the cultivation of students’ ability to obtain information.At the same time,it shows that although the teaching practice focuses on the cultivation of students’ language expression ability,however,the performance of students expressing the relationship between the information in their own language,generalizing and drawing conclusions is still not ideal,and we need to be continuously cultivated in the follow-up teaching.Specifically,students can basically extract the effective information in the material by searching for key words in the text material and identifying the variables in the image;it is also possible to simply compare,classify and compare the main points of the obtained information,find out the similarities and differences(or give one or two positive and negative examples);they can also use their own language to express the relationship between the main points of biological materials or the main knowledge.However,the following four aspects still need to be strengthened in the process of induction and generalization:(1)Understanding of the overall meaning of biological images;(2)Corresponding the extracted information to the learned biological concepts,that is,the application of the concepts in new situations;(3)Synthesizing the classified information points based on relevance;(4)Combining professional terminology to improve and revise preliminary conclusions,generalize and draw final general conclusions.Therefore,in the following teaching,for the cultivation of the ability to summarize and generalize,the first aspect is that when summarizing and generalizing biological image information,all students need to find the coordinates of the image first,which can help students Better understand the meaning of images.In the second aspect,when summarizing and generalizing textual materials in biology,based on the extraction of key information in the text,it is necessary to focus on cultivating students’ ability to find out the connections between information,summarize the information and draw conclusions.This article gives front-line workers the relevant suggestions on "Pay attention to and summarize the representative teaching content involving induction and generalization in the textbook" "Design specific teaching cases on induction and generalization in a targeted manner" and "The cultivation of the ability of induction and generalization must be continuous,and the training methods must be diversified",aiming to better help students understand and apply the thinking method of Induction and Generalization.