The Impact Of The Upgrading Of Human Capital Structure On The Global Value Chain Of Manufacturing Industry

With the continuous development of economic globalization,China has integrated into the global value chain by virtue of a series of comparative cost advantages such as demographic dividend and low land price.However,after China entered the new normal economy,the demographic dividend has been exhausted and environmental pollution has become increasingly serious,which makes it difficult to maintain the manufacturing industry that produces low value-added products.Therefore,China's manufacturing industry urgently needs to improve its position in the global value chain The economy turned to high-quality development.Therefore,how to improve the status of China's manufacturing industry in the global value chain has increasingly become an important problem to be solved.From the experience of developed countries in the world,the upgrading of human capital structure is an important foundation to support high-quality economic development and the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure.Optimizing the structure of human capital is of great significance for China to accumulate talents,break through technological bottlenecks,catch up with developed countries,and realize the global value chain of manufacturing industry.This paper first combs the relevant literature of global value chain,human capital and industrial structure upgrading from the perspective of global value chain,and finds that the research on manufacturing global value chain climbing has been relatively rich,but the literature on how human capital affects manufacturing global value chain position is less,and there are few literature from the perspective of human capital structure to study how to improve manufacturing industry The position of the industry in the global value chain.Then this paper describes the characteristics of China's human capital and the development of manufacturing industry,constructs the advanced index of human capital structure to measure the change of human capital structure with reference to the idea of industrial structure change,and finds that China's human capital has been greatly improved in quantity and structure after years of development,but in the new normal of economy and the macro-control of innovation development strategy In this context,the current human capital structure distribution,market allocation and other aspects compared with developed countries,there is still much room for improvement;in the development of manufacturing industry,the use of China customs database data to build export technology complexity,using it to measure the status of China's manufacturing industry in the global value chain,found that the current development of manufacturing industry is difficult to support China's economic transformation Structural transformation and upgrading are needed.Then it discusses the influence mechanism of human capital structure on the global value chain of manufacturing industry,and puts forward the hypothesis that the upgrading of human capital structure can promote China's manufacturing industry to rise in the global value chain through "technological innovation","foreign direct investment" and "labor cost".In the empirical analysis part,based on the data from 2002 to 2018,the fixed effect model is used to test.The regression results show that the upgrading of human capital structure can promote the global value chain of China's manufacturing industry to rise.In the robustness test,we use the methods of changing explanatory variables,GMM model and adjusting sample size to test the stability of the model.Through the mediating effect test,it is found that the upgrading of human capital structure can promote the rise of China's manufacturing industry in the global value chain through "technological innovation","labor cost" and "foreign direct investment".In the part of heterogeneity test,we find that compared with the central and western regions,the upgrading of human capital structure in the eastern region has a more significant impact on the global value chain of manufacturing industry.From the perspective of vertical time,after China's economy enters the new normal,the positive impact of the upgrading of human capital structure is more significant.Therefore,in order to promote the global value chain of China's manufacturing industry to rise,we should make greater efforts to optimize the structure of human capital,stimulate the innovation potential of talents,implement differentiated talent policies based on the development of various regions,and create an institutional environment conducive to technological innovation and foreign direct investment.