Research On The Impact Of Human Capital Structure Upgrading And R&D Intensity On The Upgrading In Global Value Chain Of Manufacturing Industry

As economic globalization develops,the international division of labor based on global value chain is gradually formed.China actively integrates into the division system of global value chain by virtue of rich natural resources and low-cost labor advantages.However,because the core technologies in key areas are controlled by others and lack of product R&D and design advantages,China has been locked in the low-end position of global value chain for a long time.With the gradual disappearance of low-cost advantages such as "Demographic Dividends",how to promote China's manufacturing industry to the middle and high end of the global value chain,and how to realize the goal of manufacturing China through the “Made in China 2025” has become an urgent problem to be solved.Human capital and R&D investment are important factors affecting industrial upgrading.Facing the severe situation of high-end human capital shortage and core technology being controlled by others,optimizing human capital structure and increasing R&D investment intensity in key areas are of great significance to solve the problem of talent and technology bottleneck in China,narrow the huge gap with developed countries and realize the upgrading of the global value chain of China's manufacturing industry.Firstly,this paper reviews the relevant research on the status of global value chain and the relevant literature on the influence of human capital and R&D on the upgrading in global value chain.Then this paper features a description of the Chinese realities of the human capital structure upgrading,R&D intensity and the global value chain status of manufacturing industry,and incorporates human capital structure upgrading,R&D intensity and upgrading in global value chain into a unified analytical framework,and puts forward two theoretical hypotheses.Then we use the World Input-Output Database(WIOD),UN Comtrade Database(UNCOMTRADE)and manufacturing industry data of various statistical yearbooks for empirical test.On the one hand,we make benchmark regression for the whole sample.On the other hand,sub samples are partitioned to think over the differential influnce of human capital structure upgrading and R&D intensity on the upgrading in global value chain of China's manufacturing industry of different types of industry from the two dimensions of factor density and technology level.Further,through the intermediary effect test,it is found that the upgrading of human capital structure and R&D intensity can promote the global value chain status of manufacturing industry through the channel of technological achievements transformation.At last,this paper summarizes the conclusion and puts forward three suggestions :vigorously promoting the upgrading of human capital structure,implementing a strategy of innovation-driven development,and raising the upgrading in global value chain to the level of national strategy.