Study On The Impact Of Enrollment Expansion And Class Differentiation On Higher Education Opportunities For Rural Population

Achieving education fairness has always been a hotly debated topic in society,and it is also one of the important goals of national policy making.Equality of educational opportunities is the reflection of educational equity on educational opportunities.Higher education as a higher link in educational development fully reflects the results and status of educational distribution.Therefore,it is particularly important to effectively promote the equalization of higher education opportunities.Based on the realistic requirements of "stimulating domestic demand,stimulating consumption,promoting economic growth,and alleviating employment pressure",in 1999,the state implemented an important higher education reform policy,namely,the expansion policy of colleges and universities.Since then,the scale of higher education enrollment has continued to expand,began to gradually transition from elite to popularization.It is undeniable that the enrollment expansion policy of higher education provides more students with the opportunity to receive higher education,but whether the policy has promoted the equalization of higher education has not been conclusive in the academic world.Especially in recent years,the number of students who have abandoned college entrance examinations in rural areas has increased.The debate over "the elites with poor and humble families" and the dilemma of "the elites with poor and humble families" have begun to reflect on the expansion of college admission policies for higher education for rural population and vulnerable groups within the bottom of what is the role of opportunity.At the same time,the expansion of enrollment policies in universities has not been static until now.The state has successively introduced some policies to adjust the speed of enrollment expansion in universities.In 2006,the state proposed that the focus of higher education development should be on the quality requirements.In 2010,a connotative development strategy was proposed to moderately control and stabilize the scale and speed of the expansion of higher education.It is for this reason that there are also certain stage differences in the impact of the expansion policy of higher education.At the same time,the demonstration effect of higher education consumption also makes the cultural environment an important aspect that affects rural population's educational decision-making and acts on equalization of higher education opportunities.So,now that the issue of educational equity is getting more and more attention from the country and the public,does the policy of higher education enrollment increase the probability of rural students receiving higher education?Against the background of rural population stratification,has the rapid expansion of higher education effectively alleviated the unequal educational opportunities among peasant households?What is the impact of changes in the speed of college enrollment expansion on higher education opportunities for rural population?What is the impact of cultural environment on higher education opportunities for rural population?This is the focus of this article.In the current research on the impact of higher education enrollment on higher education opportunities for rural population,most of them consider rural population as a whole,lacking an analysis of differences within the rural population,and the fact that the internal stratums of the rural population continue to divide requires more detailed research and advancement,otherwise policy will inevitably result errors in effect analysis.At the same time,the existing literature lacks an empirical analysis of the impact on the cultural environment,and the academia's research on rural population's higher education opportunities has not reached a consistent conclusion.Based on this,this article mainly analyzes from the following aspects:(1)Analyze the theoretical basis and function path of the impact of college expansion policy on higher education opportunities of different classes of rural population,and the impact of different stages of college expansion policy development on higher education opportunities.The effect of cultural environment on higher education for rural population.Through the analysis of the theoretical framework and influence path,the research hypothesis of this paper is further proposed.(2)Using the data from Chinese General Social Survey,and using the Logit model to empirically analyze the impact of college enrollment expansion on higher education opportunities for rural population.And in order to control the endogenousness and solve the problem of missing variables,the breakpoint regression method is used to more accurately identify the impact of the expansion policy of colleges and universities on the education of rural population and the different classes.(3)Based on the different stages of the expansion of college enrollment,empirically study the impact of the expansion of college enrollment on the higher education opportunities of rural population and the changes in the differences in higher education opportunities among different classes.(4)To explore the degree of influence of cultural environment on higher education opportunities for rural population and the role of cultural environment in different strata.Through the study of this article,the following main conclusions are drawn:(1)Although the expansion policy of universities has brought about increased opportunities for higher education,the new educational opportunities have not benefited more rural areas.At the same time,within the rural households,the upper-level groups have benefited more,and the middle and lower levels of the probability of receiving higher education has not increased significantly.The fair effect of the expansion policy of colleges and universities is limited,and it is more manifested as the Matthew effect.The stratification of rural population has further exacerbated the stratification of education.(2)The breakpoint regression method can make better use of the actual conditions to analyze the causal relationship between the variables,and then effectively avoid the endogenous problems caused by missing variables,so as to be able to more accurately identify the expansion of colleges and universities' enrollment policies for rural population.The effect of educational opportunities.(3)The expansion of university enrollment development has a different degree of impact on higher education opportunities of rural population in the rapid expansion period,inertial growth period and connotative development period.First,compared with the expansion of colleges and universities before,the expansion policy of colleges and universities has an impact on higher education opportunities of rural population.The inertial growth period has begun to extend to rural areas.Secondly,compared with the lower-level groups,the middle-and upper-class rural households'access to higher education opportunities has entered a period of connotative development,and the upper-level advantages have shown a downward trend but are not statistically significant.The middle-level advantages have started to decline significantly.Development shows a trend of popularity.(4)The cultural environment is still crucial for access to higher education opportunities for rural population,and the educational consumption behavior has a clear demonstration effect.The better the cultural atmosphere,the stronger the driving force for higher education consumption by rural population,and the greater the probability of receiving higher education.At the same time,the external cultural environment does not have a significant regulating effect on whether or not peasant households at different levels receive higher education.The continuous differentiation of rural households has gradually created cultural divisions,which has hindered the cultural flow between peasant households at different levels.Therefore,the external cultural environment cannot weaken the impact of class on rural population' access to higher education.Finally,based on the above research results,the following policy recommendations are mainly proposed:Improving the level of education supply and reducing constraints on education costs;Forming a good employment environment and easing employment pressure;Steadily promoting the expansion of higher education and gradually moving towards connotative development;Creating a good education and cultural environment,enhance the demonstration effect.