Research And Design Of Key Circuits Of Millimeter Wave Phase-Locked Loop

With the development of semiconductor processes,millimeter wave applications based on CMOS technology are receiving extensive research and attention.Millimeter wave has a wide range of application scenarios in 5G wireless communication,non-contact sensing and other fields.This dissertation mainly analyzes and designs the Voltage Controlled Oscillator(VCO)and InjectionLocked Frequency Divider(ILFD)modules used in frequency synthesizers for millimeter-wave radar and millimeter-wave 5G communication systems.The frequency synthesizer can be used as a local oscillator of a millimeter wave 5G communication system.This article first introduces the basic knowledge of millimeter-wave radar,and then introduces the theory,design and simulation of two important modules in the millimeter-wave frequency synthesizer,VCO and ILFD.In this dissertation,the performance indicators of the above two modules are determined through the design of the millimeter wave 5G phase-locked loop system,and the circuit design is completed according to the requirements of the indicators.For the design of the VCO,the working principle is briefly described,and then the working principle and design process are introduced for the inductor,varactor,switched capacitor array,and tail current source,and the key indicator of phase noise is given.The theoretical model of phase noise and the optimization scheme of phase noise are presented.The VCO designed in this dissertation uses NMOS cross-coupling structure and 3 Bits switched capacitor array.The final design has a wider tuning range and lower phase noise.ILFD,as a high-speed pre-divider in a frequency synthesizer,is another key module in a millimeter wave phase-locked loop.This dissertation briefly describes the basic principles and theoretical models of ILFD,and proposes a broadband ILFD based on the transformer structure based on the optimization of the key index of the frequency division range.Through the modeling,theoretical analysis and simulation of this broadband structure,The theoretical analysis and design of the resonantor circuit and active devices have achieved a high-performance ILFD with a wide frequency division range,and simulation verification has been performed for the output amplitude,frequency division range,phase noise,and power consumption.The design described in this article is based on a 40 nm CMOS process,which completes the design and tapeout.At the end of this article,the overall layout of the VCO and ILFD,the simulation results of various performance indicators,the test scheme of the frequency synthesizer,and the test scheme and test results of the VCO and ILFD described in this article are given.The test results show that the tuning range of the VCO is 37.4 GHz-46.7 GHz,and the ILFD can normally divide the frequency within the tuning range of the VCO to meet the design requirements.