Research On Network Routing Technology Of Field Observation Instruments Based On LEACH Protocol

Most of the field observation instruments in the cold and arid areas are deployed in harsh natural environments,resulting in a lag in obtaining information and severely restricting geoscience research in the cold and dry regions.Although the field observation instrument network has a certain amount of solar cells for auxiliary power supply,the node energy limitation situation is improved to a certain extent.Still,the harsh environment can easily lead to insufficient battery charging.Based on the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy protocol(LEACH)and the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm(ABC),the routing technology and coverage optimization algorithm of the field observation instrument network are researched and designed to ensure the need for uninterrupted work during data transmission in the thesis.First of all,according to various problems in the applications of LEACH protocol,a corresponding protocol solution with energy consumption balance is proposed.The solution improved the LEACH protocol in three aspects:(1)The nodes are heterogeneous,and combined with features of field observation instrument networking to introduce reference quantity(such as node's residual energy and supplies)into the cluster head election process,which can effectively improve the election of cluster head nodes,and delay the death time of low energy node network,extend the service life of the whole network.(2)In the clustering process,various factors are considered when calculating the cluster radius,such as the distance from the cluster head node to the base station and the residual energy of the cluster head node.It can reasonably design the cluster size and alleviate the "hot spot" problem.Simultaneously,it can improve the non-uniform distribution characteristics of clusters in the network and balance the energy consumption in the network.(3)In harsh environments,there is low reliability of data transmission between nodes and premature death of nodes during long-distance transmission.Therefore,this thesis will consider the use of regional autonomous inter-cluster multi-hop routing to solve this problem.Secondly,the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm(ABC)is introduced to optimize the node coverage.According to the excessive randomness of the ABC algorithm and the tendency to fall into local optimum,combined with the feedback strategy,optimize the search process and location update formula of the employed bees;in the later coverage optimization,the coverage rate and the number of working nodes are comprehensively considered to improve the fitness value calculation.Finally,MATLAB is used to conduct experimental comparisons on the four aspects of network life,energy consumption rate,stability,and throughput of the routing protocol model of the observation instrument networking.And the improved ABC algorithm is applied to coverage optimization to prove its effectiveness.The experimental results showed that the enhanced routing protocol can balance the network energy consumption and alleviate the "hot spot" problem.Besides,by applying the improved ABC algorithm to the coverage optimization of networking,the minimum number of sensor nodes can maximize the target monitoring area's coverage.