Application Research And Implementation Of Multivariate Public Key Cryptosystem In Blockchain

In recent years,blockchain has become one of the most revolutionary and innovative emerging technologies.The rise of blockchain technology has driven comprehensive innovation in finance,healthcare and society.Cryptography,as the core of the underlying technology of blockchain,plays a decisive role in the security of blockchain.With the continuous development of blockchain technology,its security has become the focus of the cryptography filed.The security of data on blockchain mainly depends on first generation public key cryptography algorithms,such as RSA and ECDSA.Their security is mainly based on factoring large integers and solving discrete logarithm.However,quantum computing has developed rapidly,as long as the quantum computer can control enough bits,the Shor algorithm can decipher such algorithms in polynomial time.Therefore,the first generation public key cryptography system is no longer secure,and the blockchain technology is also faced with potential security threats.To solve this problem,the best solution is to replace the public key cryptography in blockchain with post quantum cryptography.In order to deal with the attack of quantum computer in the future,the international standard bodies such as NIST and ETSI have started the work of post quantum cryptography standardization.And China is also deploying similar research.Post quantum cryptography is mainly divided into five categories: lattice-based,hash-based,code-based,Isogeny and multivariate public key cryptography.Among the five categories,the multivariate public key cryptographic signature algorithm has the advantages of high computational efficiency,less resource consumption and small signature length,which is consistent with the strict technical requirements of blockchain on digital signature length.Combined with the requirements of blockchain technology on signature algorithms,this paper comprehensively analyzes four representative multivariable public key cryptographic signature algorithms.Rainbow signature algorithm is finally selected by this paper for application research and implementation in blockchain security due to its high efficiency,stability and security.This paper explores the application of Rainbow signature algorithm in blockchain security.By analyzing the cryptographic modules in the two popular Ethereum and Hyperledger platforms,we realize the replacement of the original ECDSA algorithm in the Ethereum and Hyperledger platforms by the Rainbow algorithm and complete the adaptability adjustment research of the relevant system modules,which guarantees the non-repudiation,integrity and security of the data on the blockchain,and makes it have the characteristics of resisting the attack of quantum computer.The experiment on Ethereum and Hyperledger open source platforms can't affect the normal use of its functions,which proves the feasibility of the scheme.Applying the Rainbow multivariable public key signature scheme to the underlying technology of blockchain not only solves the security problem that blockchain platforms can't resist the attack of quantum computer,but also provides a more secure and efficient underlying support for the applications developed by blockchain platforms.At the end of this paper,the key size and signature efficiency of Rainbow signature algorithm and ECDSA signature algorithm used in blockchain platforms are compared,which is expected to provide direction and inspiration for future research that blockchain can resistant to the attack of quantum computing.