Research On The Influence Of The Number Of Children On The Wages Of Women With Childbearing

Since 1992,our country’s total fertility rate has been lower than the replacement rate of the era when the population size remains unchanged.The lower fertility rate has led to the increase of the proportion of the elderly population and the disappearance of demographic dividends.In order to promote moderate population growth,my country has gradually relaxed the fertility policy,but the effect is not satisfactory.As of 2018,nearly half of the women who had given birth to one child did not choose to have another child in response to the two-child policy.Therefore,this paper mainly examines the effect of the number of children on the wages of women who have given birth.This article uses women who have given birth as the research subject,and the data used are from the 2018 Chinese Family Tracking Survey database.First,the endogeneity of the model is tested.Secondly,in order to study the entire population,unconditional quantile regression is used as the research method in this paper to analyze the impact of having a second child on women with different income levels.Due to regional differences,children may be affected.The explanatory power of quantity on wage level is therefore studied after sub-regional.Finally,through the unconditional quantile regression decomposition method,the wage gap is decomposed into characteristic effects and coefficient effects,and the number of children and the contribution of each influencing factor to the wage gap of women who have given birth are discussed in depth.According to the empirical analysis of this paper,the conclusions are as follows:（1）The maternity wage penalty mainly exists between the groups of women who have two children and those who have not given birth,and the groups of women who have two children and those who have one child.（2）The penalty effect of the number of children on the wage income of the women who have given birth is the largest at the low income level,and relatively small at the high income level.（3）There are regional differences in the penalty effect of the number of children on women who have given birth,and women who have given birth to a second child in the eastern region receive the largest wage penalty for childbearing.（4）Individual characteristics,job characteristics and regional characteristics of women who have given birth have a significant impact on wage income.（5）At low income levels,the number of children greatly widens the wage gap between women.At other income levels,the wage gap between women who have given birth is mainly caused by their own characteristics.（6）The three regions of East,West and Central all show that having a second child widens the wage gap between women who have given birth,but the effect of having a second child on the wage gap between women who have given birth in the western region is smaller than that in the central and eastern regions.According to the results of empirical research,this paper puts forward the following suggestions for the problem of maternity wage penalty suffered by women who give birth to a second child in various income groups and the wage gap of women who have already given birth:（1）Reduce the maternity wage penalty by constructing a multi-party sharing mechanism of maternity costs.（2）Government support and personal investment are combined to further increase the stock of labor human capital.（3）Advocate that men and women share the responsibility for childcare.（4）Improve the social welfare of women who have two children in the eastern region.