Research On Ma Mingheng's "Book Of Doubts"

Shangshu Douyi occupies a certain position in the history of the study of Shangshu in Ming Dynasty,and has been regarded as a famous work of the study of Shangshu in the middle period of Ming Dynasty,which is "anti-Cai Zhuan".However,the book was actually written in response to the teachings of the Confucianists,which did not conform to the "doctrine of sages",and was not intended to be different from the school of zhu xi.Daquan,as an important reference for scholars in the Ming Dynasty,is mainly based on Shuji Zhuan by Cai Shen,which includes the viewpoints of scholars in Song and Yuan Dynasties on the study of Shang Shu.Because the sutras of Cai Shen and Zhu Xi occupy the core position in the Dazhong,Douyi rebutts the two theories most.It is for this purpose that most of the Confucian classics of Song and Yuan cited in Shangshu Douyi are from the Book of Books.Ma Mingheng also took into account the viewpoints of scholars of the Han and Tang Dynasties,so the "Shang Shu Zhuo Shu" was also an important source of the "Douyi" citing the Confucianist scriptures.In terms of the source and scope of the book cited in Doubt,Ma Mingheng either took the viewpoints of scholars in Han and Tang Dynasty,or scholars in Song and Yuan Dynasties,or judged it according to his own opinion,not exclusively focusing on one family,but taking "the way of the sage" as the true one.Is "doubt" attitude towards Confucianism first,Ma Mingheng creed suspected history,for many song strictures,seems to have the "song" return "sinology",to the "ancient meanings" CAI "pass" of academic tendency,but in fact,Ma Mingheng for Confucianism,said the judgment and choice still is first whether accord with the way of "saint" as the reference standard.Ma Mingheng also studied the classics of scholars of Han and Song Dynasty,and either inherited or refuted them,forming his own view of the book of Shang.Although he agreed with the view that the Book of History was compiled by Confucius,he also doubted that some of the texts with some incongracies were not recorded by Confucius.Although he believed that the Book of Preface was not written by Confucius,he was different from Cai Shen’s extreme view of disdain for the Book of Preface.He believed that the Book of Preface was not completely unreliable,and scholars still needed to rely on the Book of Preface to interpret scriptures.Although he recognized the authenticity of the late ancient scriptures and kong anguo’s biography,he also doubted the existence of some scriptures and biography.Based on the general understanding of Shang Shu,Ma Mingheng put forward his own opinions on the specific problems in each part of Shang Shu on the basis of his already formed view of Shang Shu.For example,in "Tai Shi",he opposed the theory that King Wen "was ordered to become king" and that King Wu "observed the army and showed weakness" put forward by ancient Zhuosu."Gu fate" "Kangwang patent",he thought that King Kangwang wearing a crown to serve by the order,the move does not accord with the etiquette system.Kanggao,Jiugao and Zichao,which he thought were the books of King Wu rather than the books of King Cheng.Others;Wu Cheng,Lo Kao,Doce,Sibo Kan and Kim Heat;Ma did not step up.Yu Gong and Hong Fan,as two important articles in the Book of History,have gradually become specialized studies since the Han and Tang Dynasties.Compared with the other articles,Ma Mingheng has paid more attention to the related problems in these two articles.For example,in Yu Gong,he opposed the "three and four lines" of scholars in the Han and Tang Dynasties and the "two lines" of Cai Shen,and proposed his own way of dividing mountains.In Hongfan,Ma Mingheng inherits the academic characteristics of the Confucians’ interpretation of the scriptures with "Yin Yang,Five Elements" and "response to disasters",as well as the interpretation of the word "Huangji" in ancient annotation."Douyi of Shang Shu" pays attention to understanding scriptures by meaning,and at the same time has the characteristics of changing scriptures,mixing current affairs,interpreting scriptures by means of scriptures,as well as rich Neo-Confucianism thoughts and obvious tendency of restoring ancient ways.