The Barbarians In The Eastern Qinling Area During The Northern Dynasties

East Qinling refers to the inland mountainous areas including the mountainous region of Shangluo,Wudang and western Henan.As the‘internal frontier',since the Wei and Jin Dynasties Barbarians of different surnames such as Wen,Quan,Fan,Mei,Lei etc.built forts and had troops in the mountains,formed some new forces and became a counterweight to the regime.When the Northern Wei entered the Central Plains in the early days,it faced barbarian affairs.By adopting policies to recruit barbarians,such as setting up ????,granting high-ranking officials to the barbarian chieftain,implementing a Jimi policy for barbarian regions,giving the barbarian chief full autonomy,it effectively attracted barbarians attachments.Since the foundation of the Liu Song Dynasty,especially since Yuanjia,the barbarians in the mountains have been arbitrarily recruited for the purpose of northern expedition to supplement the soldiers' supplies.Coupled with natural disasters in Yongzhou at that time,the situation of the barbarians became more and more difficult.Under the different policies against the barbarians of the Northern and Southern Dynasties,the barbarian chief finally chose to move from the south to the north and attach to the Northern Wei Dynasty.The attachment of the barbarian chiefs enabled the Northern Wei Dynasty to acquire soldiers and peasants,enhancing the overall national strength.The barbarian chiefs ability to conquer also helped the Northern Wei to expand its territory and establish its rule over the Eastern Qinling Mountains,which laid the foundation of later moving the capital to Luoyang.After moving the capital to Luoyang,the rulers of the Northern Wei Dynasty were more adept at controlling barbarian area.In order to increase centralization and strengthen local rule,the Northern Wei Dynasty's policy on barbaric areas changed from loose rule to tightened controll,which led to years of rebellions.The Southern Dynasties also adjusted their barbaric policies,giving barbarians better political treatment and using barbarians to invade Northern Wei.At this time,the barbarians entered from the north to the south and chose to attach themselves to the Southern Dynasty.During the Eastern and Western Wei Dynasty,the Western Wei Dynasty implemented an innovative barbarian policy on the basis of the previous dynasty.Through large-scale shifting customs and civilizing barbarians,they won the barbarian's recognition.In addition,the Western Wei also provided a high political starting point for the barbarian chiefs,and its government soldier system also provided a clear promotion channel for barbarians,enhancing its attractiveness to barbarians.The attachment of the barbarian chiefs allowed the Western Wei and Northern Zhou Dynasty to obtain the geographical advantage of the East Qinling Mountains,which provided favorable conditions for the future annexation of the North and the unification of the country.The Northern Dynasties period was a period of division in Chinese history.The barbarian chose to attach to the Northern Wei Dynasty in the early period of the Northern Wei Dynasty,to the Southern Dynasty in the late Northern Wei Dynasty,and to the Western Wei Dynasty during the Eastern and Western Wei Dynasty.The barbarians' three choices of barbarians reflect their characteristics of choosing and supporting the strong.After nearly three hundred years of interaction with various political powers,until the Sui Dynasty unified the country,the historical mission of the barbarians has been completed,and thus the curtain exit and disappeared in the history books.