Based On Data Mining Technology, Professor Zhao Jinxi's Experience In Differentiating And Treating Edema In Chronic Kidney Disease

Background:Chronic kidney disease(CKD,hereinafter referred to as CKD in the full text)is one of the main causes of edema.CKD edema seriously affects the patient's quality of life and physical and mental health.Professor Zhao Jinxi has long been engaged in clinical scientific research on the prevention and treatment of diabetes and kidney disease with traditional Chinese medicine,and has accumulated rich experience in the treatment of CKD edema.Summarizing expert experience is of great significance for seeking effective treatments for CKD edema.Objective:To summarize Professor Zhao Jinxi's experience in the diagnosis and treatment of CKD edema and the characteristics of medication.Methods:The medical records database of Professor Zhao Jinxi's treatment of CKD edema was established,and the medical records were sorted and analyzed using data mining technology.This study collected patient cases who met the inclusion criteria treated by Professor Zhao Jinxi at Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from September 1,2020 to January 31,2021,and included information on symptoms,tongue,pulse,and drug names in the medical records.Carry out standardization processing.Use Microsoft office Excel 2016 to organize statistics on medical records,and conduct frequency analysis on age,gender,syndromes,and drugs.The Aproii association rule algorithm in the programming software R language is used to perform association analysis on syndrome-drug,drug-drug,and IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 is used to systematically cluster the drugs and visualize them.Results:A total of 107 patients with CKD edema were included in this study.Among them,there are 53 males and 54 females.Their age distribution ranges from 23 to 91 years old,with the youngest being 23 years old and the oldest being 91 years old.Among the 107 CKD patients,64 were clinically diagnosed with chronic nephritis,accounting for 60%;23 were diagnosed with diabetic kidney disease,accounting for 21.6%;7 were diagnosed with primary nephrotic syndrome,Accounting for 6.5%;other diagnosed patients such as IgA nephropathy,lupus nephritis,drug-induced kidney injury,etc.accounted for 13 cases,accounting for 12.1%.The distribution of syndromes in 107 CKD patients was mainly water-dampness syndrome,blood stasis syndrome,qi stagnation syndrome,qi deficiency syndrome,damp-heat syndrome,damp turbidity syndrome,phlegm-dampness syndrome,drinking stop syndrome,and heat toxin syndrome,accounting for the majority of all cases.100%,71.03%,58.88%,50.47%,42.06%,33.64%,28.97%,and 26.17%,while other syndromes include phlegm-dampness syndrome,drinking cessation syndrome,heat toxin syndrome,heat stagnation syndrome.blood deficiency syndrome,Yang deficiency syndrome,stagnation-heat syndrome,phlegm-heat syndrome,yin deficiency syndrome,liver-yang syndrome.It should be pointed out that the above-mentioned empirical syndromes of the original deficiency mark are different from the concept of syndromes in the traditional sense.Because the condition of CKD patients is complicated,a patient has multiple syndromes mentioned above at the same time,that is,it presents a compound syndrome form.Therefore,the above-mentioned empirical syndrome of the original deficiency syndrome is actually a single syndrome formed by separating the complex syndromes of CKD patients.Among the 107 prescriptions,the most used drugs are Astragalus,Cicada,Salvia,Poria,Angelica,Smilax,Ligusticum chuanxiong,Shiwei,Poria,Polyporus,etc.,reflecting the diuresis,invigorating qi,dispelling wind,promoting qi,invigorating blood,and detoxifying Equal governance.The properties of the drugs in the 107 prescriptions were mostly cold,warm,and flat,and the tastes were mostly bitter,sweet,and pungent.Most of the meridians were mainly in the liver,spleen,lung,stomach,and kidney meridians.The most commonly used drugs by Professor Zhao Jinxi for the 107 cases of CKD patients diagnosed with chronic nephritis are Fangfeng,Bupleurum,Scutellaria,Cyperus rotundus,Perilla leaf,Burdock,Cicada slough,and silkworm.The most commonly used drugs for diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease and edema The medicines are water saffron seeds,ghost arrow feathers,turtle shells,oysters,parsnips,burdock seeds,Bupleurum,Scutellaria baicalensis,perilla leaves,cicada sloughs,and silkworms;the most commonly used medicines for diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome are atractylodes,atractylodes,etc.Scutellaria,Forsythia,Houttuynia cordata,Oldenlandia diffusa,Scutellaria barbata,Coix seed,etc.Among the 107 prescriptions,Professor Zhao Jinxi's drugs and compatibility for the treatment of water-dampness syndrome in patients with CKD edema are Polyporus,Poria,Atractylodes,Atractylodes,etc.;the drugs and compatibility for the treatment of blood stasis syndrome are Salvia miltiorrhiza,Chuanxiong,Panax notoginseng,etc.Angelica,red peony root,turtle shell,oyster,etc.;the commonly used drugs and compatibility for the treatment of Qi stagnation syndrome are Cyperus rotundus,black medicine,Bupleurum,perilla leaves,etc.;the commonly used drugs and compatibility for the treatment of Qi deficiency syndrome are Astragalus and Zhimu,Cimicifuga,Bupleurum,etc.;the commonly used drugs and compatibility for the treatment of damp-heat syndrome are Smilax glabra,Poria cocos,Shiwei,Polygonum cuspidatum,and Lysimachia vulgaris,Turmeric,ripe rhubarb,cicada slough.silkworm sand,French pinellia,tangerine peel,etc.;the drugs and compatibility for the treatment of phlegm-dampness syndrome are tangerine peel,pinellia,polyporus,tuckahoe,etc.;the drugs and compatibility for the treatment of drinking stop syndrome They are Polyporus umbellatus,Poria cocos,Mulberry white bark,Tinglizi,etc.The drugs and compatibility often used for the treatment of heat toxins are Scutellaria baicalensis,Forsythia suspensa,Cicada slough,Hedyotis diffusa,Rhubarb,and silkworm.Based on clustering and correlation analysis,Professor Zhao Jinxi often used drug pairs and drug string combinations to treat CKD edema.The main drug combinations were Polyporus umbellatus,Poria cocos,Astragalus,Angelica,Chuanxiong,Red peony root,Fangfeng,Danshen,Smilax china Moss,Shiwei,Panzanosaurus,turmeric,ripe rhubarb,cicada slough,and stiff silkworm,embody the treatment methods such as diuresis,nourishing qi,dispelling wind,promoting qi,promoting blood circulation,and detoxification.In addition,the commonly used drug combinations include ?dried tangerine peel,Pinellia temata,?astragalus,red peony root,fangfeng,?astragalus,angelica,chuanxiong,salvia miltiorrhiza,?cicada slough,silkworm,turmeric,ripe rhubarb,?astragalus,anemarrhena,Cimicifuga,Bupleurum,Cyperus rotundus,Black medicine,Mulberry white bark,Tinglizi,?Ghost arrow feather,Burdock seed ?Panax notoginseng,Turtle shell,Oyster,Leech,?Astragalus,Atractylodes,Atractylodes,Scutellaria,Forsythia,Coix Seed,Oldenlandia diffusa,Scutellaria barbata,etc.The above-mentioned drug comloinations include Erchen Decoction,Huangqi Chifeng Decoction.Buyang Huanwu Decoction,Shengxian Decoction,Yupingfeng Powder,Shengjiang Powder and other famous prescriptions in ancient and modern times.Conclusion:?Professor Zhao Jinxi not only attaches importance to the diagnosis and treatment of CKD edema,but also emphasizes the diagnosis and treatment of the combination of disease and syndrome differentiation.?Professor Zhao Jinxi's medication for treating CKD edema is not only the application of diuretic and dehumidifying drugs,but also the five methods of invigorating qi,dispelling wind,promoting qi,promoting blood circulation and detoxification.?Professor Zhao Jinxi's commonly used drug pairs and drug clusters in the treatment of CKD edema,the drug pairs and drug clusters used are in fact often famous ancient and modern prescriptions,which reflects Professor Zhao Jinxi's clinical thought of attaching importance to the differentiation of prescriptions and syndromes.