| Wound healing in mammals is a complex process,including coagulation,inflammation,proliferation and remodeling,which involves the coordinated interaction of a variety of cells and tissues.Factors affecting wound healing include oxygen,infection,nutrition,etc.As marine mammals,cetaceans are faced with different habitats from land.The hypoxia and a large number of viruses in the ocean bring great challenges to the wound healing of cetaceans.Some studies have confirmed that cetaceans generally have extraordinary ability of wound healing;in addition,it has been observed that there are few infections or complications in the process of wound healing in cetaceans.However,the molecular mechanism of efficient ability of wound healing in cetaceans remains unclear.Therefore,we selected 37 genes related to wound healing,by obtaining homologous gene sequences of mammalian species in different habitats for bioinformatics analysis,the following scientific problems were explored: 1)What is the molecular mechanism of efficient wound healing ability of cetaceans? 2)Do mammals living in different habitats have suffered different selection pressures? 3)Do marine mammals living in the same habitat have evolved similar molecular evolutionary mechanisms?In order to explore the evolutionary pattern of wound healing related genes in mammals in different habitats,wound healing related genes from 47 mammalian species were analyzed by using the Branch-site model.The results showed that in the extrinsic pathway,positive selection signals concentrated in cetaceans were detected in F3,F7,F10,which indicated that cetaceans were under stronger selection pressure than other terrestrial mammals,and the three positive selection sites identified were located in the key functional domain of coagulation gene.In addition,gene families of TGF-?and PDGF also detected positive selection signals concentrated in cetacean species.Then,the Branch model was used to analyze the selection pressure of pseudogene F12,and the results showed that its functional constraints in pseudogene branches had been relaxed.Finally,FGA and F3 were detected the specific parallel/convergent amino acid substitution sites in marine mammals,suggesting that these animals in similar environment have undergone molecular convergence evolution in order to maintain efficient wound healing ability.In conclusion,through bioinformatics analysis of wound healing related genes,this study preliminarily revealed the molecular evolution mechanism of cetaceans maintaining efficient wound healing ability in the marine environment,providing new information for the study of the evolution process of mammalian wound healing under different conditions,and providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of coagulation disorders and thrombosis. |
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