| Since joining WTO in 2001,China’s foreign trade has achieved rapid development.China has gradually become the world’s second largest import economy over the years,and is an important force in absorbing the production capacity of various countries and promoting global economic growth.However,with the strong counter-current flow of protectionism,unilateralism and hegemony,the growth rate of international trade has slowed down significantly,and the world economic growth is under downward pressure.By the end of2021,the international community unilaterally accuse the "China threat theory",and terms such as export control,entity list,and sanctions have been familiar to Chinese companies.The in-depth development of economic globalization has indeed brought some social problems such as cyclical unemployment and the widening gap in income distribution,but it is wrong to blame it entirely on trade liberalization and economic globalization,and adopting trade protectionist policies is not a solution to the root cause.First,through the integration of domestic and foreign literature,this thesis sorts out the relevant theoretical mechanisms of international trade affecting the labor market and the existing research results in the empirical field,and finds that international trade affects labor employment and wages through three major channels: labor migration effect,scale effect and export learning effect.Then this thesis analyzes the current situation of the development of China’s import trade.In the empirical test part,this thesis uses the fixed effect model to conduct empirical analysis by matching the SIC 4-digit code China’s import trade data of 35 developed countries from 1997 to 2019 and the employee number and wage data of related enterprises in the source countries.Using the IV method and the DID method to reduce the endogenous problem,the thesis tests the impact of China’s imports on the source countries.From the perspective of internal mechanism,the thesis explores the mechanism effect of business performance between the two finally,and finds the heterogeneity at the national and industry levels.The research results show that:（1）China’s imports significantly promote the employment of employees in the source countries,and significantly increase the wages of employees in the source countries.The more China’s import tariff reduction,the higher the degree of trade liberalization,the more developed economies export to China,the larger the proportion of goods sold,and the higher the employment and wage levels of its listed companies.（2）The expansion of exports to China has a significant mechanism effect by improving the business performance of enterprises,promoting the expansion of production scale,triggering scale effects,and significantly increasing the employment and wages of employees.（3）China’s imports of products from developed countries in Europe and Oceania have a significant positive effect on the employment and wages of employees in related companies,and as for the developed,this effect of job creation and wage promotion is more significant in resource-,technology-and capital-intensive industries.In summary,as the world’s second largest import economy,China’s active import significantly improves the employment and wage level of relevant enterprises in the source countries,and active import expansion contributes to the stability of the global industrial chain and supply chain.However,at present,the reverse tide of anti-globalization trend and the rise of trade protectionism have hindered the export process of developed countries to China.The decline of export trade will directly lead to the slowdown of economic growth and thus cause unemployment.Therefore,this thesis suggests that China should continue to implement the initiative to expand import strategy,not only do a good job in the overall planning of expanding import reserves,but also formulate specific import country strategy,and increase scientific research efforts to overcome the "stuck neck" technology.Meanwhile,developed countries and even the rest of the world should view China’s opening-up policy rationally.China is always willing to sign free trade agreements with more trading partners so that foreign trade can benefit people of all countries. |
