Vocational Guidance For Undergraduates In American Universities

With the in-depth development of students’ independent employment,more and more colleges and universities have realized the importance of "vocational guidance" to students’ employment.The research on the problem of vocational guidance for college students mainly originates from the current development status of vocational guidance for college students.The main purpose of the research is to propose feasible improvement strategies and path selection according to the current situation and problems of vocational guidance for college students in China by exploring the development status of vocational guidance for college students in America.In terms of career guidance in the United States,have relatively mature theoretical basis and a relatively perfect system of practice,first of all use history method,through combing the development of the vocational guidance of university students,to learn more about American colleges and universities career guidance process,and changes in the different stages of development at present,the college students career guidance has entered a relatively perfect period: It is supported by relevant laws,has professional guidance personnel and career assessment means,takes career development as the guiding theory,is self-oriented to students,based on the narrative mode of postmodern career guidance,and gradually establishes the assessment indicators.Under the ideological guidance of the dialectical relationship between commonness and individuality,Carnegie Mellon University is selected as the case study object.The school’s motto is "My heart is in the work".Since the beginning of its establishment,Carnegie Mellon University has paid attention to students’ career development and has rich experience in career guidance.In terms of career guidance organization,career development center at Carnegie Mellon university,through the three elements of "staff-site-resource" of running system,through the efficient means of online,to help the students for their early career assessment and planning,the medium-term career exploration and decision,work experience and contacts in the late networks.In terms of Career guidance mode,the school for "My Career path" Career guidance mode,including "self-story-connections" three levels,from exploring vocational interest,core values,vocational skills,to self expression and creation of the story,and then to networking network structures,and rich,the mutual coupling and progressive transformation.Career guidance at Carnegie Mellon University is characterized by four dimensions of continuous process,content construction,diversified methods and effective results.It has a good implementation effect and in the process of practice,it exercises students’ "critical thinking",promotes students’ sense of professional identity,and assists the school to explore the goal of "customized service".There are generally three pairs of relationships in vocational guidance for college students,one is the connection between top-level design and college practice,the other is the interaction between guidance mechanism and students’ vision,and the other is the extension relationship between resource utilization and service for students.Therefore,on the basis of drawing lessons from the development process of American college student career guidance and the existing successful experience of Carnegie Mellon University,the feasibility direction and development path of improving college student career guidance are sought: Exploring the theoretical guidance system in line with the national conditions and student development,giving full play to the linkage role of government and university policies,constructing personalized student career guidance model in colleges and universities,promoting the collaborative development of online career guidance in colleges and universities,and giving full play to the advantages of school alumni resources.