Construction Of Physical Health Evaluation System For Plateau Elderly

Physical health evaluation is a value judgment based on people’s physical health status.It usually evaluates the individual physical health level by testing the indicators related to human body shape,physical function and physical quality.For a long time,the scientific construction of physical health evaluation system is the focus of experts in this field.Plateau as an important geographical landscape in China,its unique low pressure,low oxygen environment has a complex and profound impact on the human body,involving breathing,circulation,nerve and other systems.The elderly living in the plateau not only need to bear the physical burden caused by natural aging,but also bear the influence of plateau environment,which leads to premature aging of the body,showing the characteristics of high birth,high prevalence of hypertension and low qualified rate of constitution.Our team ’ s previous study also found that the elderly at high altitude had normal body shape,higher obesity rate than the national level and high risk of disease.At present,the standard of physical health evaluation for the elderly in China is " 《2014 National Physical Fitness Monitoring(the elderly part)》," and there is a lack of evaluation system for special living environment groups.Therefore,based on the physical health problems of the elderly living in the plateau(2400 meters),this study constructs a more targeted evaluation system for the group,in order to contribute to a more scientific and reasonable evaluation of the physical health of the elderly in the plateau,and ultimately achieve the purpose of serving the elderly in the plateau to achieve active aging.This study attempts to construct the physical health system of the elderly in the plateau,and uses the methods of literature,Delphi,interview,experiment and mathematical statistics to complete the construction of the index system and the empirical study of the model.In the evaluation system construction process,first of all,through the literature material method to determine the proposed index of the construction system of this study,combined with expert interview method to revise the proposed index,determine the first level index 3,the second level index 36;Secondly,the Delphi expert consultation method is used to determine the importance of the proposed indicators.After two rounds of group decision-making by 42 experts,the physical health system of the elderly in the plateau is finally constructed,which includes three first-level indicators and 16 second-level indicators,and the analytic hierarchy process is used to establish the weight model.Thirdly,the percentile method is used to establish the standard of the physical health evaluation system for the elderly in the plateau.Finally,an empirical analysis is conducted on the established evaluation system standards.The main conclusions are as follows:1.In this study,combined with the characteristics of living environment,living habits and behavior habits of the plateau elderly,based on the principles of science,operability,low risk and characteristics,some experts in related fields were interviewed in depth,and a health evaluation system for the plateau elderly was constructed,including body shape,body function and physical quality.2.The weight assignment of the established physical health evaluation system of the plateau elderly realizes the judgment of the importance of each index.Among the first-level indicators,the importance of body function is the highest,followed by physical quality,and the influence of body shape is slightly small.Among the secondary indicators of body function,vital capacity had the greatest impact and basal metabolism had the least impact.In the secondary indicators of physical fitness,back muscle strength and eye opening standing on one foot have a greater impact;Among the secondary indexes of body shape,BMI has the most important influence on the body shape of the elderly.In the constructed index system,in view of the reality of the elderly in the plateau,the basic metabolic index is added to objectively reflect the level of energy metabolism of the elderly.At the same time,the previous single-foot standing with eyes closed was changed from expert argumentation to single-foot standing with eyes open to avoid the risk of falls of the elderly and make the evaluation of physical health of the elderly more secure.3.The evaluation standard for the physical health of the elderly in the plateau is formulated.The individual evaluation standard combined with the characteristics of the index was formulated with positive,negative and range criteria.The comprehensive evaluation standard was used to measure the influence degree of the primary and secondary indexes and the individual evaluation standard from multiple perspectives.According to age and gender,it was divided into five grades : excellent,good,medium,low and poor.4.Using the constructed physical health evaluation system of the plateau elderly to evaluate the basic physical health status of the plateau elderly group is in the middle level of physical health,but the difference between young and old age and male and female is obvious.In the future,it is necessary to focus on the overall promotion and continuous attention to improve the health level of the elderly at the plateau.One of the effective methods to improve the physical health of the elderly is to continuously improve the evaluation system and strengthen health management.