| Population aging is an important issue faced by many countries.As the world’s largest developing country,China officially entered the ranks of population aging in2000 and is expected to become the country with the largest number of elderly people in the world by 2050.The results of the seventh census showed that by the end of 2020,the number of elderly people aged 60 and over in China reached 264 million,accounting for 18.70% of the total population,and the number of elderly people aged 65 and over reached 191 million,accounting for 13.50% of the total population.As of the end of 2020,the total population of my country’s plateau accounted for 20.58% of the total population of the country,and the population of 60 years old and above on the plateau accounted for 18.77% of the total population of the country 60 years and older.The elderly population on the plateau is huge,and it is very important to solve the health problems of the elderly on the plateau.The environment is a necessary factor for human survival and development.The central nervous system is the most sensitive and vulnerable tissue to hypoxia.Long-term living in a hypoxic environment may cause the central nervous system to have a negative effect on movement control,leading to gait Instability,causing a fall.There are obvious gender differences in falls,and the probability of falling in elderly women is about twice that of men.According to the World Health Organization(WHO)report: There are 646,000 fatal falls every year,making it the second leading cause of death from unintentional injuries after road traffic injuries.It seriously affects the physical and mental health of the elderly.The society strives to strengthen the personal awareness of the elderly and effectively prevent falls in the elderly,pay attention to the serious threats to the health and life of the elderly from falls,and strengthen the health maintenance of the elderly on the plateau and to guide research work.Nowadays,the methods for evaluating the risk of falling in the elderly mainly focus on the scale measurement method,the assessment of simple balance ability and the gait test.Compared with the simple fall risk assessment tool,the reliability and predictive value of the gait test are higher.Gait is a key indicator to evaluate the basic living ability status and fall risk of the elderly.However,there are few research results on the gait characteristics and fall risk of the elderly in the plateau.The gait data of the elderly in the plateau is scientifically and accurately measured,and the gait data of the elderly in the plateau is evaluated from multiple angles.Early prevention and early treatment of the risk of falls for the elderly is of great significance for improving the health protection of the elderly on the plateau.Research purpose: This study will evaluate the gait characteristics and fall risk of elderly women at high altitude,comprehensively understand the health status of elderly women,and provide targeted guidance on the daily life and exercise of the elderly to improve the health of the elderly And quality of life.Research method: This study took the gait characteristics and fall risk assessment of 60-69-year-old women on the plateau(2261m,Xining City)as the research object.Research on 35 healthy elderly women living in Xining City for a long time using literature data method,experimental method,mathematical statistics method and logical analysis method,using Qualisys infrared light spot motion capture system and Kistler three-dimensional force plate to carry out gait test.The Berg balance scale and the time-to-stand walking test(TUGT)were used to evaluate the risk of falls in elderly women at high altitude.SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze the data obtained from the test,and descriptive statistics were performed on the gait characteristics and fall risk evaluation results of elderly women in plateau in the form of mean ± standard deviation.The independent sample T test was used to compare and analyze the gait characteristic parameters of elderly women on plateau and plain,and the Spearman correlation coefficient was used to explore the relationship between gait and fall risk.Research result:(1)Analysis of gait characteristics of elderly women in plateau: Time parameter: It takes about 1.35±0.09 s to complete a complete gait cycle,single step time 0.67-0.68 s,first double support time 0.12-0.15s;spatial parameter: step Length 0.53-0.56 m,stride length 1.14-1.15 m,step width 0.08m;time and space parameters: step frequency 89steps/min,step speed 0.84-0.86m/s.Compared with the normal value,its step length,stride length,gait speed,step frequency and gait cycle and other indicators all show a lower level.(2)The ground reaction force of elderly women walking on the plateau presents the characteristics of "two peaks and one valley".The first peak(687.91 ±112.65N)appears at the end of the weight-bearing reaction period,and the first valley(486.48±86.89N)appears at the end of the load-bearing reaction period.The support phase ended in the mid-term,and the second peak(633.33 ± 86.06N)appeared at the end of the support phase.(3)The Berg scale score of elderly women in plateau is 54.8 ±1.59 points,the TUGT time is 9.39 ± 1.97 s,and the scores are generally higher than the predicted critical value.(4)When discussing the relationship between gait and falls,it was found that stride length was positively correlated with BBS score(r=0.544,P<0.05),and stride speed was negatively correlated with TUGT time(r=-0.641,P<0.05).Analysis conclusion:(1)Elderly women on plateau show the gait characteristics of step length,shorter step length,lower step frequency,slower pace,and long gait cycle when walking.The low oxygen environment may cause the gait of the elderly on plateau.Variety.(2)During the traveling process of elderly women at plateau,the joint torque,joint power and vertical ground reaction force of the lower limbs all showed good sequence of power generation of the kinematic chain,indicating that the elderly women at plateau have better lower limbs off the ground and better load-bearing ability.(3)The use of BBS and TUGT evaluation standards to predict the risk of falls for elderly women at plateau still needs further research.(4)Step length,step speed,and step frequency indicators can better predict the risk of falls for elderly women at plateau. |
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