The Study On The Effect Of Gross Motor Course Intervention On The Physical Fitness Among Preschool Children Aged 4-5

Objective: Good physical fitness in early childhood is an important basis for the health of the whole life cycle of the individual.During the past 20 years,some indicators of preschool children’s physical fitness have decreased.Studies have confirmed that preschool children’s gross motor skill has a positive effect on physical fitness,but there are few empirical studies on the promotion of gross motor skills intervention on physical fitness of preschool children in China,especially based on the training objectives of preschool education and physical education theory design of gross motor curriculum intervention research has not been reported.Therefore,this study aims to explore the gross motor intervention effect on the physical fitness in kindergarten,which can provide scientific evidence for improving preschool children’s physical fitness,so as to provide experience for preschool children’s physical education course,so as to promote the development of preschool physical education.Methods: Literature retrieval method was used to search and analysis relevant Chinese and English literatures published on Chinese and foreign database.It provides theoretical support for discussing the influence of gross motor skills on preschool children’s physical fitness and designing the intervention program of this study.Using measurement method,the preschool children’s speed,agility,coordination,strength,flexibility,balance and cardiopulmonary endurance(Standing long jump,Grip strength,10-meter shuttle-run,20-meter shuttle-run,Hopping,Sit-and-reach,and Walking on the balance beam)were tested before and after the intervention.Using the experimental method,a total of 4 public kindergartens in Shanghai were recruited to participate in this intervention through convenient sampling,and a16-week intervention gross motor course was designed according to the goals of kindergarten education and physical education theory.Toddlers in the experimental group will receive 3times a week for 30 minutes each time of gross motor intervention lessons.The preschool children in the control group will have physical activities according to the original curriculum of the kindergarten.A total of 104 children completed the intervention,including 54 children in the experimental group and 50 children in the control group.Using mathematical statistics,SPSS statistical software for analysis of the data,using descriptive statistics to analyze the physical fitness of preschool children.The normality of the data collected,the independent sample T test and the analysis of rank and inspection before the intervention group and control group,the difference between by paired sample T test and Wilcoxon signed rank test before and after analysis of the differences in preschool children’s physical fitness,finally by independent samples T test,analysis of covariance analysis and rank and inspection after the intervention of the difference between the experimental group and the control group,the significance level was p < 0.05.Results: After 16 weeks of intervention,the preschool children in the experimental group had higher performance in hopping(pre: 9.50 ± 3.32 s;post: 8.49 ± 3.55 s),grip strength(pre:4.31 ± 1.68 kg;post: 5.52 ± 2.00 kg)and 20-meter shuttle-run(pre: 4.50 ± 2.23 lap;post: 5.20± 1.93 lap)than before intervention(p < 0.05).In male preschool children,the performance of hopping(pre: 10.00 ± 3.87 s;post: 8.38 ± 4.01 s),grip strength(pre: 4.63 ± 1.63 kg;post: 5.48± 2.15 kg)and 20-meter shuttle-run(pre: 4.62 ± 1.63 lap;post: 5.52 ± 1.60 lap)were improved compared with those before intervention(p < 0.05).Female preschool children in the experimental group had improved grip strength(pre: 3.94 ± 1.68 kg;post: 5.56 ± 1.85 kg)(p <0.05),but the performance of sit-and-reach was decreased(p < 0.05).The balance beam performance of the experimental group decreased after intervention,but it was not statistically significant(p = 0.49).By controlling pretest sit-and-reach performance as a covariable,the scores of sit-and-reach preschool children in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group(experimental group: 5.98 ± 0.51 cm;control group: 45 ± 0.54cm)(p < 0.05).After intervention,the results of 10-meter shuttle-run,hopping,standing long jump,sit-and-reach and 20-meter shuttle-run of male preschool children in the experimental group were improved compared with those in the control group,but there was no significant difference between groups.The results of hopping,grip strength and sit-and-reach of female preschool children in the experimental group were better than those in the control group,but there was no statistical significance.The balance beam performance of the experimental group was worse than that of the control group after intervention,but it was not statistically significant.Conclusion: After a 16-week gross motor course intervention designed based on the objectives of early childhood education and physical education teaching theory,the agility,coordination,upper limb strength and cardiopulmonary endurance of the experimental group were significantly improved,and boy’s agility,coordination,upper limb strength,cardiopulmonary endurance and girl’s upper limb strength were significantly improved.After intervention,the flexibility of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group.It is suggested that kindergartens can adopt gross motor exercise to improve preschool children’s physical fitness,flexibility and balance exercises should be properly included in future gross motor intervention,and seeking more suitable indicators to reflect preschool children’s balance ability.