Analysis Of Biomechanical Characteristics Of Lower Limbs In Full Swing Action Of Different Golf Types

Research purposes: In golf,the full swing is used as the basic action,and the frequency of use is the highest when playing the ball.Previous studies on the full swing have focused on the trunk and arms,and there are few studies on the movement characteristics of the lower limbs during the full swing with different clubs.The purpose of this research is to describe and compare the biomechanical characteristics of the lower limbs when using different types of clubs for full swing.Analyze the kinematics and dynamics characteristics of the lower limbs in the upswing,downswing and follow-up phases when they use different clubs to swing,and clarify the focus and common points of different types of club swings,for when using different clubs to hit the ball The changes in the action structure of the game put forward a reference basis,and provide theoretical guidance for the training of golfers.Research methods: This research adopts the methods of literature,experiment and mathematical statistics,using Driver,5-iron and Pitching club as the representative poles.The infrared light point motion capture system(the acquisition frequency was 100Hz)and two AMTI three-dimensional force plates(the acquisition frequency was 1000Hz)are used to compare 13 Golfers with a handicap between 0 and 8 use different club full swing motions to synchronously collect the kinematics and dynamics of the hip,knee,and ankle joints,and use Cortex software to perform post-processing on the obtained data.The single factor analysis of variance was used to analyze the data of each stage,and the joint angle of the same ball rod at different stages was analyzed by paired sample t test.The descriptive statistical report was the average ± standard deviation(SD)of a single index.Research results:(1)for the hip joint,the right hip is flexion to extension,and the left hip is flexion-extension-flexion.The right knee joint showed a gradual decrease in joint angle,while the left knee showed a decrease at first and then an increase.The right ankle joint showed 5 iron,the Pitching club decreased at first and then increased,and the Driver increased all the time.The left ankle shows an increase in a decrease and an increase in an increase.(2)in the preparation position,the hip and knee flexion angle of Driver is the largest,the ankle angle is the smallest,and the 5 iron is slightly larger than the Pitching club.Horizontal GRF showed that the GRF of the left foot of Driver,5 iron and Pitching club was larger than that of the right foot.(3)at the top of the club,the knee angle of Driver swing is the smallest,the joint velocity of the right leg is much higher than that of other clubs,the horizontal GRF and vertical GRF of the left foot are the largest,and the horizontal GRF of the left foot is significantly different from that of other clubs,the rotation speed of the right hip is larger than that of other clubs,and the rotation acceleration of the lower limbs is the smallest.(4)at the moment of hitting the ball,the angle of the right knee and left ankle is the smallest,the rotation speed of the left ankle is the largest,and the rotation acceleration of each joint of the lower limb is the largest when hitting the ball.and the rotation acceleration of the right hip joint and left knee joint is significantly different from that of other club joints.(5)in the process of full swing,the joint torque of each lower limb of Driver swing is larger than that of other clubs,and there is a significant difference between the joint torque of Driver swing and that of other clubs except the right hip joint torque.Research conclusions:(1)it is found that the biomechanical characteristics of the lower limbs of 5 iron and Pitching club are the same in the full swing,but they are quite different from the full swing of Driver,and the difference is mainly in the lower stage and follow-up stage.(2)the larger hip and knee flexion angle,smaller ankle angle and relatively smaller horizontal GRF,of Driver are another important factor that the hitting effect of Driver is stronger than that of other clubs except club length and standing width.This suggests that the width of the golfer’s standing position should be combined with the angles of the hip,knee and ankle when preparing for the swing.(3)during the swing,the range of motion of the hip joint between different clubs is directly proportional to the rotational speed and acceleration,and inversely proportional to the knee-ankle joint.The requirement of hitting distance of Driver leads to higher GRF and joint torque.It is suggested that when instructing the swing,golf coaches should combine the various joints to consider how to increase the rotation of the body in order to meet the requirements of the swing.(4)the motion chains of the three clubs are the same,and the maximum knee flexion angle on the right and the maximum angle of the hip joint all appear in the following swing stage,which may be due to the full extension of the hip joint from the hitting moment.The body forms a back bow,thus completing the swing with maximum efficiency.This suggests that golf coaches can start with lower limb movements when instructing novice players.