The Evolution Of Female Employment Level And Its Influencing Factors In Resource-based Cities Of Northeast China

For a long time,as the supply of basic energy and important raw materials,resource-based cities in Northeast China have made outstanding contributions to China’s industrialization.However,with the economic development entering the new normal and the deepening of supply side reform,the long-term accumulated institutional and structural contradictions in the region are gradually highlighted.Coupled with the long-term overdraft of resources and wealth,the economic and social contradictions in the process of social development are becoming more and more acute."Escaping from the Northeast China" and "Shrinking Cities" have become the new labels of Northeast China.The state and all circles attach great importance to the social development of resource-based cities in Northeast China,and employment is one of the hot issues.Employment is the foundation of people’s livelihood.In China,where the female population is almost more than half,female employment is not only an important indicator of social progress,but also an important indicator of women’s development.By analyzing the population changes in the fifth and sixth population census,it is found that compared with the male labor force,the mobility of female labor force in resource-based cities of Northeast China is weak,and the female labor force resources have not been effectively developed.Rational use of female labor force resources and improvement of female employment level are of great significance to promote social harmony and progress and stimulate regional economic development Vitality is of great significance.This study uses resource-based cities in the Northeast China as the research area,using the census and 1% population sampling data to analyze the evolutionary characteristics and influencing factors of female employment levels in resource-based cities in the Northeast China from 2000 to 2015.When discussing the level of female employment,most studies mainly use the female employment rate as an indicator to measure the level of female employment.However,this study believes that compared with the scale of female employment,the evolution trend of the female employment structure can better reflect the level of female employment.This study first analyzes the evolution of women’s employment structure in resource-based cities in Northeast China.On this basis,it uses the expert scoring method to build an evaluation system of women’s employment level from the perspective of employment structure,analyzes the evolution of women’s employment level in resource-based cities in Northeast China from 2000 to 2015,and tries to explore the factors affecting women’s employment level.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)The employment structure of women is unreasonable.From an industry perspective,female employment in resource-based cities in Northeast China is still dominated by the primary industry;from the perspective of non-agricultural industries,women are mainly concentrated in labor-intensive industries,and as time evolves,the structural contradictions in female employment have become more and more serious.(2)The evolutionary trend of the difference in female employment structure is different.Judging from the decomposition results of the Theil index,the differences in the industrial structure of female employment are mainly caused by the development differences between different cities in mature,declining,and renewable resource-based cities.And as time evolves,the imbalance of "homogeneity between groups and heterogeneity within groups" has intensified;The industry difference in female employment is the opposite.The female employment differences in manufacturing,wholesale and retail,catering and accommodation industries show a development trend of "homogeneity within the group and stratification between groups".(3)The level of female employment is consistent with the development stage of resource-based cities.In 2000,the employment level of women in growth resource-based cities was the highest.With the continuous deepening of the transformation and development of renewable resource-based cities,the level of female employment has increased rapidly,and the gap with growing,mature,and declining cities has continued to deepen;In terms of differences,the gap in the level of female employment in regenerative and mature cities is relatively small,and the level of female employment in different cities develops evenly.The gap in female employment levels in declining cities is large,and this gap shows a tendency to expand.(4)It is found that the level of social and economic development,the process of urbanization and the level of foreign investment have a positive effect on the improvement of women’s employment level in resource-based cities in Northeast China.Among the family factors,the promoting effect of parenting pressure on women’s employment level first increases and then decreases,and the influence of marital status with spouse on women’s employment level changes from negative to positive.The development level of service industry is consistent with the change trend of women’s higher education level,and both of them have changed from positive promotion to negative inhibition.Resource-based cities in the Northeast region should give full play to the government’s macro-control role.By promoting the development of the tertiary industry in the region,opening up diversified channels for female employment,forming industrial institutions with different levels,which can then absorb female laborers of different educational levels,and create a good policy atmosphere and employment environment for female employment.Eventually,it will promote the improvement of the overall level of women’s employment in the region and achieve the harmonious development of society in the Northeast.