Research On Special Training Characteristics Of China’s Elite Cross Country Runners

Cross-country running,as an outdoor fitness sport,only began to rise in China in recent years.Because of the particularity of the track schedule,the vast majority of participants are mass sports enthusiasts with uneven levels,and the completion rate of cross-country running is lower than that of other endurance sports.Therefore,participants have an urgent need to understand the relevant knowledge of cross-country running training and conduct reasonable training.This study provides training reference basis for amateur cross-country runners to successfully complete the race and puts forward improvement suggestions for professional cross-country runners’ training.This paper mainly adopts the method of literature,questionnaire,interview,mathematical statistics and logical analysis to research,taking 36 male and female athletes who often get the top three places in domestic cross-country running events in recent three years as the objects of investigation.Through questionnaire survey and field interview on the basic situation,competition characteristics and special training characteristics of the preparation period,competition period and recovery period of elite cross-country runners,the following research conclusions are summarized:(1)The number of domestic elite cross-country runners is more male than female,and the age is mainly 25-29 years old.The sports level of male runners is generally higher than that of female runners,and most of them are non-sports workers.(2)The domestic elite cross-country runners have frequent races and heavy loads.The races are concentrated between March and December,the maximum number of races in a month is up to 4,and the longest distance in a year is between 70 and 100 kilometers.The race tracks are mainly mountainous areas,mountaineering trails and high mountains.In addition,athletes participate in at least one high-altitude event per year,mostly between 4501-5000 meters above sea level.They can achieve excellent sports performance in competitions in different environments,and their competitive ability is stable and not affected by changes in the competition environment.(3)The training preparation period of domestic elite cross-country runners is short,and the training is dominated by large load.Among them,the Sunday maximum load of long-distance cross-country runners is greater than that of short-distance cross-country runners,but the interval intensity training is less than that of short-distance cross-country runners.The training contents in the preparation period are comprehensive and varied,mainly including endurance training,strength training,mental training,motor intelligence training and speed training.Athletes strength training frequency is less,the load is small,the pertinence is not strong.In daily training venues,the proportion of track,road and mountain track training is not much different,and the proportion of mountain track training is the highest for athletes who participate in long-distance races.In addition to endurance and strength training,there is a lack of other forms of specific physical training,in addition,training with energy supplementation is less adaptive.The preparation period training method mainly adopts the continuous training method,with the aerobic endurance training as the main method.(4)The competition period of domestic elite cross-country runners is relatively short.Most of them improve their exercise intensity while maintaining their training capacity.The maximum pre-race load is in the first 1-2 weeks,and then they enter into the reduction arrangement,with a short reduction time,and the quantity and intensity decrease simultaneously.The content of pre-competition training is mainly endurance training,speed training and motor intelligence training,and the training method is mainly continuous training.The athletes who use the altitude training method before competition are mainly those who live in middle and high altitude areas,and the altitude training time arrangement is more scientific.In addition,the longer the target distance,the higher the level of athletes,the more use of race training.(5)The recovery period of domestic elite cross-country runners is relatively short,the training amount and training intensity decrease linearly,and the weekly training times and class training duration decrease simultaneously,so as to accelerate the physical recovery.(6)The training content during the competition is mainly low-intensity aerobic endurance and flexibility training.The training methods are mainly continuous training.There are a variety of post-race recovery methods,among which sleep,massage therapy and low-intensity aerobic running are the most popular.