| From the view of pattern of the world economy,the growth rate of the world’s service trade scale has exceeded the growth rate of the goods trade scale.Service trade has become the most dynamic part of the world’s economic and a new engine of economic growth.As the world’s largest developing country,China has experienced rapid growth in the scale of service trade in the past decade,but the deficit in service trade is also expanding.China’s service export structure shows that exports are mainly concentrated in traditional service industries,such as travel and transportation,and are mainly labor-intensive service products with low added value.Then international experience tells us that human capital play a decisive role in service trade.Therefore,studying the impact of human capital on the balance of service trade is of great significance to improving China’s service trade deficit and promoting China’s transformation from a big trading power to a strong trading power.This article firstly introduces the research background and significance of the article,and then through the literature analysis method,sorts out the relevant concepts of human capital and sorts out the more popular methods of measuring human capital,and then summarizes the relevant concepts of international service trade and the factors that affect international service trade,which provides ideas for constructing an empirical model;secondly,on the base of comparative advantage theory and competitive advantage theory,the part analyzes the impact mechanism of human capital on service trade,mainly through human capital factor endowment and Porter diamond model;thirdly,through international comparison,analyzed the status quo and existing problems of China’s service trade and human capital from multiple perspectives;then based on the existing research results on human capital,in addition to the average number of years of education used by scholars,the part use higher education enrollment rates and expected lifetime to measure the quality of human capital and healthy human capital separately,and then uses the data of 33 countries from 2000 to 2018 to construct a cross-country balanced panel model to empirically test and analyze the effect of human capital on the balance of service trade;finally based on the empirical results,especially test results in the developing countries,combined with China’s national conditions,put forward feasible suggestions.The empirical results show that human capital has a significant positive effect on the balance of trade in services.This positive effect is more significant in developing countries,where average years of education is the most positive.Therefore,China can start by increasing the average years of education of the people,and at the same time improve the quality of human capital and healthy human capital to improve the level of human capital to improve the trade deficit of services;what’s more,the service industry should promote the formation of service industries and build benign competitive environment to improves the export competitiveness of Chinese service products.The innovation of this article is not to use a single indicator to measure human capital,but to use the average years of education,enrollment rate of higher education and life expectancy to measure the level,quality and health status of human capital respectively;and further studied the impact of human capital on the service trade balance of countries with different degrees of economic development,which empirical results are more convincing.Of course,this article also has many shortcomings.Firstly,the international service trade theory has not yet formed a perfect system,so this article draws on the international goods trade theory system,and the analysis may not be deep enough;secondly,due to the complexity of the human capital element itself,although this article has analyzed it from three aspects,but it still cannot be fully covered,and may have a certain impact on the empirical results. |
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