Human Capital Accumulation And The Quality Of Trade

After more than forty years of reform and opening up,China’s economy has achieved world-renowned achievements and is entering a new era of transition from high-speed growth to high-quality development.Correspondingly,China’s foreign trade is also undergoing such a huge change.Therefore,how to achieve the high-quality development of foreign trade has become one of the focal points of common concern of the academic community and the industry.Based on this,trade theorists have contributed wisdom from various perspectives and have played a positive role in promoting the transformation and upgrading of foreign trade to a certain extent.At the same time,more than 40 years of education reform and development and a large number of human resources training have accumulated relatively abundant human capital for our country.What role did the accumulation of human capital play in the development of China’s foreign trade quality? How does human capital accumulation affect the foreign trade quality? How much will it play in the high-quality development of foreign trade? From the existing literature,the literature on the relationship between the accumulation of human capital and the changes in the quality of foreign trade is rare,and research on the above issues lacks clear and credible answers.This article aims to add an alternative answer to the above question.This paper theoretically analyzes the mechanism of the accumulation of human capital on the quality of trade,and finds that: 1.From the perspective of the transformation of the domestic economic growth mode,the gathering of human capital forms a comparative advantage,which attracts the accumulation of other relevant factors,and the human capital is high.It is also easier to produce division of labor and collaboration,exert structural dividends,promote the spontaneous evolution of the industrial structure,and improve the quality of trade(Factor Function of Human Capital);The accumulation of human capital will also carry out technological innovation through the knowledge spillover effect and the "learning by doing" theory,then improve the competitiveness of export products and the trade structure(Human capital efficiency function).2.From the perspective of the evolution of the status of international trade division of labor,under the premise that the labor productivity difference between high human capital labor force and low human capital labor force remains unchanged,companies tend to hire high human capital labor force,and developing countries may adopt The accumulation of human capital reverses comparative advantages and international division of labor,improves the technological content of products,optimizes the industrial structure,and promotes the improvement of trade quality.3.From the perspective of labor market segmentation,different forms of labor market segmentation will bring about different forms of human capital stock and structural levels,and the interaction between the production and consumption functions of human capital will continue to deepen social division of labor and accelerate industry.The adjustment and optimization of the structure promoted the improvement of the employment structure,reflecting the social sharing brought about by economic growth,thereby indirectly promoting the improvement of trade quality.Based on the above theoretical analysis,this paper constructs an econometric model,using sample data from 17 industries in China from 2002 to 2014,and empirically analyzes the relationship between human capital accumulation and trade quality changes from the perspective of full samples and subsamples,and finds that: According to the full sample regression analysis,the higher the human capital stock,the more reasonable the structure,and the more beneficial to the improvement of trade quality.Among different types of human capital,the role of innovative talents is most obvious.From the sub-sample regression analysis,There is an imbalance in human capital among industries.Due to the characteristics of the tertiary industry itself,the human capital stock is relatively high and the structure is relatively reasonable.The accumulation of human capital improves the quality of trade in the tertiary industry.The effect is higher than that of the secondary industry.