| With the rapid advancement of urbanization,children’s living space is greatly compressed.,and the high aggregation of groups and spaces shows the unique interaction mode of cities.Crowded population and high cost of urban services are likely to cause children to encounter huge inequalities.A city fit for children will also be a city fit for all,and children’s well-being is the fundamental measure of healthy living,democratic societies and good governance."Child-Friendly City" is such a local government system that is committed to fully implementing children’s rights,requiring urban entities to fully consider children’s needs and make decisions that benefit children.It has been 7 years since Chinese pioneer cities have implemented Child-Friendly City construction actions,and they have done a lot of exploration and experience summarization.Good local development practices have also promoted the introduction of large-scale guiding policies at the national level.In 2021,the State Council issued the "Guiding Opinions on the Construction of Child-Friendly Cities",setting off a wave of pilot construction of local child-friendly cities.Regrettably,no city in Chinese has yet been designated as child-friendly.How to build a Child-Friendly City and what kind of city can be recognized by the international community? In fact,there is still no unified judgment standard.Even if it is initiated by the United Nations Children’s Development Fund,this urban action that is sweeping the world has various forms.Taking into account the differences in different regions and countries,the United Nations Children’s Development Fund’s only gives a few suggestions.Therefore,on the basis of the United Nations Children’s Development Fund’s action framework on building Child-Friendly City,this study combines eight directions,including planning,regulations and policies,budget allocation,concept advocacy,departmental collaboration,children’s participation,capacity building,and process monitoring.The dimensions are refined and expanded to 18 second-level standards and36 third-level standards.Combined with the fact that local government data is open,methods such as content analysis and social network analysis are selected to evaluate the exploratory practice of the leading city of Shenzhen.The data from 2016 to 2020 is mainly selected for periodic evaluation,in order to provide ideas for the construction of the localized evaluation system from the perspective of public management,and to provide supplementary suggestions for the current stage of Chinese Child-Friendly City construction work.The study found that the Shenzhen Child-Friendly City construction action has completed the preliminary system establishment,and the phased actions focus on the expansion and promotion of child-friendly space,with the urban area as the construction unit,showing obvious regional characteristics.The working committees for women and children in the government sequence and the women’s federations organized by groups jointly lead the construction of Child-Friendly City,guide government actions through top-level design,guide social participation through activity creation,and gradually realize cross-departmental response and collaboration.On the basis of social child-friendly awareness,realize the protection of children’s rights and the construction and promotion of child-friendly pilot projects.At the same time,in the practice process in Shenzhen,there are still problems such as slow plan progress,lack of overall coordination of children’s information,activities first,publicity over evaluation,insufficient cooperation,and fragmented actions.It is suggested that leading city should continue to promote relevant work,incorporate the concept of child-friendly into the urban planning system,appropriately combine child participation with the evaluation of urban laws and policies,establish and improve the information management and evaluation mechanism for child development,and gradually realize the goal of building a Child-Friendly City. |
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