Research On The System Of "White Collar" Of Officials In Ancient China

"White collar" is a special official punishment system in ancient China,which plays a certain role in straightening out official governance and maintaining rule.The emperor took "white clothes" as the title to deprive the criminal officials of their taste,but retained their powers.Those who were "white clothes" did not wear official clothes and did not receive salaries.In fact,the ruler punished and secretly protected the near official favorite or noble officials who were not suitable for heavy punishment,and urged them to commit crimes and meritorious deeds in disguised form while maintaining their authority."White collar" began and prevailed in the Wei,Jin,northern and Southern Dynasties.With the evolution of the feudal system,it continued to the Sui and Tang Dynasties,and then gradually disappeared.Existing studies often analyze the "white collar" from the perspective of history,ignoring its official punishment nature as a supplement to the "removal" system.This paper takes the "white collar" system of ancient Chinese officials as the research object,studies it from the perspective of politics,and mainly constructs the writing framework in four parts.Firstly,it defines the related concepts of "white collar" and reviews the original and extended meanings of "white collar" and "collar" in order to clarify the connotation of "white collar";Secondly,based on historical data,comb the historical evolution of "white collar" and deeply analyze the root causes behind the phenomenon;Thirdly,use the cases recorded in historical records to summarize and elaborate the content and form of "white collar";Finally,it makes a comment on the "white collar" and leads to its modern enlightenment."White collar" appeared under the feudal rule of man and the separation of vassal regimes.Although it is a punishment for criminal officials,it is different from "removal of officials" and has the dual nature of punishment and incentive.Throughout its evolution process,"white collar" began and prevailed in the Wei,Jin,southern and Northern Dynasties under the influence of the historical facts of frequent wars and regime changes,the development of bureaucracy,law,supervision and other systems,the need to maintain the hierarchical system and the inheritance of fault-tolerant employment thought;With the evolution of the feudal system and the decline of the door valve system,it developed and disappeared from the Sui and Tang Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Grasp the key point that "white collar" is the way of punishment,and analyze the situation,object and procedure of "white collar" in detail.Based on this,it can be concluded that the situation of "white collar" is mostly minor crime,the punishment object has particularity,the implementation has a certain randomness,and has the dual nature of punishment and incentive."White collar" has positive functions and values,but in the final analysis,it is the product of the rule of man.It is inevitable that there are the accumulated disadvantages of feudal rule.Although it has positive significance such as supplementing the official punishment system,encouraging officials to commit crimes and perform meritorious deeds,and consolidating the rule of imperial power,it still has negative significance such as not conducive to the development of the legal system and the rule of law,and not conducive to the regulation of officials to abide by the law.Reflecting on the contemporary era with history and discussing the situation and characteristics of "white collar" can warn the construction and improvement of the accountability system,and there is also a connection between its thought of supporting crimes and meritorious service and the incentive function of the fault-tolerant system.From the perspective of politics,grasping the dual nature of punishment and incentive of "white-collar workers",the interaction between punishment and incentive displayed in its operation can open up ideas for the balance and coordination of the construction of current accountability system and fault-tolerant system,and provide insights for promoting the further development and perfection of China’s responsibility politics.In short,the development of modern Chinese political civilization can draw nutrients from Chinese history.The study of "white collar" from the perspective of politics can enlighten the current Chinese political construction.It is expected that this study will be beneficial to the exploration of "white collar" at the political level,and play an important role in attracting jade.