Analysis Of The Causes Of The Formation And Consolidation Of The Authoritarian System In CIS Countries

After the disintegration of the Soviet Union,the CIS countries started the transformation of the capitalist system.However,the democratic competition system advocated by the West was not formed in the end,but the transitional authoritarianism system between autocracy and democracy was formed after the transition.The formation and consolidation of the authoritarian system in CIS countries is reasonable and inevitable,which is based on the choice of historical heritage and realistic construction factors.After independence,the CIS countries have all established the party system of multi-party competition,the electoral system and the separation of powers system,and the state executive head and organs are regularly elected.However,there is a lack of fair competition between the opposition party and the ruling party.The president usually raises the threshold for political parties to enter the parliament,compresses the living space of opposition parties,extends his term of office and expands his power by amending the constitution,and makes use of resource dividend and religious power to shape the personal charm of the president and gain the voter base,forming an authoritarian system in which the power is centralized to the president and the power is monopolized by one party.The reasons for the formation and consolidation of the authoritarian system in CIS countries are related to the presidential system,economic development,religious culture,electoral system and voter preference of the countries in the region.This paper is divided into six parts.First of all,the first part of the paper is the introduction.This paper mainly explains the reason and significance of this topic,summarizes and sorts out the research results of domestic and foreign academic circles,and introduces the research methods of this paper,as well as the innovation points and shortcomings of this paper.The second part is to sort out the concept and types of authoritarianism proposed by scholars at home and abroad.On this basis,it defines the authoritarian system of CIS countries and summarizes the characteristics of the authoritarian system of CIS countries.The third part to the sixth part is the main body of this paper,through the use of the data of each country,the paper analyzes the formation and consolidation of the authoritarian system of CIS countries and its reasons.First of all,the third part,from the perspective of political factors,discusses that the presidential system of CIS countries is conducive to the cultivation of pro-regime forces by the president,the continuous extension of his term of office and the expansion of his power.The president’s charm and performance in office also win voters’ support for the establishment of the authoritarian system with centralized power by the president.Secondly,from the perspective of economic factors,the fourth part discusses that under the resource-dependent economic development model,investment and consumption are driven by the government,and the state controls enterprises,which provide economic incentives for the construction of the political superstructure of the authoritarian system.At the same time,under the advantage of resources,the state and the public form a reciprocal relationship of patronage and servitude,which reduces the social pressure.The fifth part,from the perspective of cultural factors,analyzes the multi-ethnic and multi-religious CIS countries,where the president uses the powerful political and social mobilization power of religion in ideology to consolidate the social foundation of the authoritarian regime.In addition,the internal and external difficulties of domestic religious extremism and foreign interference pressure also promote the continuous concentration of state power,creating a domestic and foreign environment for the consolidation of the authoritarian system.The sixth part,from the perspective of electoral politics,analyzes the electoral politics of CIS countries with limited competition,which has the characteristics of path dependence.The president,through the parliament,sets the threshold for elections to combat the political competitiveness of small parties and opposition parties and maintain the dominant position of political parties and pro-regime parties.The natural worship of charismatic authority and the social psychology of the people in CIS countries also create a stable social support environment for the authoritarian political system.